Light at 1.68 UAH per kilowatt and subsoil to the oligarchs. What did the Cabinet of Ministers put under the Christmas tree?

Step-by-step instructions - electricity tariffs for legal entities and enterprises - from A to Z

In order to understand what you pay for, let's look at how electricity tariffs for legal entities work out using the example of a standard electricity bill

Here is a typical electricity bill for a legal entity, Vostok LLC:

To better understand how energy rates stack up for your business, take your last month's energy bill and follow us step-by-step.

As you can see, there are 2 main components in the Vostok LLC account:

• Active electricity and
• Acquired power

For a month, the enterprise must pay 1,483.9 thousand rubles for active electricity and 825 thousand rubles for power.

A total of 2 million 308.9 thousand rubles + 20% VAT = 2 million 770.7 thousand rubles – an impressive amount.

The invoice states:

The cost of Active electricity is 3.52 rubles per kWh.

Further, at the bottom of the account, active electricity is divided into 4 more components:

• Cost of purchase volume of electrical energy
• The cost of services for the transmission of electrical energy
• Sales allowance
• Cost of other services

The cost of purchased power is 777.3 rubles per kW.

Now let's take a point-by-point look at all the components of the electricity tariff for your enterprise, where these numbers come from and how they can be reduced.

Electricity tariffs for legal entities – active electricity

Active electricity is electricity that performs useful work.

In addition to active electricity, there is reactive energy (junk energy), which does not do any work, but only overloads the networks.

At the moment, electricity tariffs for legal entities are calculated depending on the amount of active electricity used.

We will reduce your energy costs by 5% - 30%

Find out in detail
Fortunately for enterprises and legal entities, in Russia reactive electricity is not taken into account when calculating the cost of electricity.

The amount of active electricity is the amount of electricity that your enterprise consumed per month according to the meter installed at the entrance.

Vostok LLC consumed 421,028.41 kWh per month in accordance with the indicators of electricity meter No. 147707.

Everything is clear with the amount of active electricity - take the amount per month according to the meter.

With the cost of active electricity, everything is a little more complicated.

Here is a breakdown of the cost of active electricity for Vostok LLC - 3.5245 rubles per kWh:

Next, we will take a detailed look at each component of the cost of electricity.

• Cost of purchase volume of electrical energy
• The cost of services for the transmission of electrical energy
• Sales allowance
• Cost of other services

Cost of purchase volume of electrical energy

The cost of purchasing electrical energy is determined on the wholesale electricity market and depends on supply and demand.

Electricity producers put the planned volume of electricity on the market.

Electricity buyers - suppliers of last resort and sales companies submit applications for this electricity.

The price is determined depending on supply and demand.

The cost of electricity on the market is highest during peak hours – 10 – 11 am and 7 – 9 pm.

The cheapest electricity is at night from 1 am to 6 am.

The average cost of electricity on the wholesale market for the entire month is included in your bill.

Your supplier of last resort is required to disclose information about the price at which it purchases electricity on the wholesale market.

The supplier of last resort is obliged to publish the cost of purchasing electricity on its website every month.

The file, which indicates the cost of the volume of purchase of electrical energy, is called “Limit levels of unregulated prices for electrical energy (power) per month.”

This is what it looks like for Vostok LLC.

In the account of Vostok LLC:

On the website of the guaranteeing supplier Vostok LLC:

In order to check the cost of purchasing electrical energy, you need

• go to the website of your guaranteeing supplier in the section for legal entities,
• download the file called “Limit levels of unregulated prices for electrical energy (power)” for the month you are interested in,
• find in the file the line “weighted average unregulated price for electrical energy on the wholesale market, rubles/MWh”.

This is your cost of purchasing electricity this month.

And for business - the stakes

Business was not left without government gifts - the Cabinet of Ministers liberalized access to the “5-7-9%” preferential lending program. So:

• the amount of income from any type of business activity increases;
• the requirements for maintaining the wage fund (from 60 to 50%) and the number of employees (from 85 to 75%) are being relaxed;
• differentiation of interest rate compensation is introduced depending on the type of loan, and the bar for interest compensation is raised to UAH 50 million;
• Cheap loan programs and business support projects from local authorities are being combined.

Rates on loans for defense purposes under state guarantees have also been adjusted: at the suggestion of Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Urussky

, this is 30% in hryvnia and 6% in euros.

At the end of the year, the Cabinet of Ministers took a step towards moving medicine online by adopting the Concept for the development of an electronic healthcare system.

“This is a very important document on the path to healthcare reform. I am convinced it should have been adopted in 2017-2018

Denis Shmygal
noted wished everyone good health and closed the meeting.

The cost of services for the transmission of electrical energy in the electricity tariff

Electricity tariffs for legal entities are very dependent on the cost of electricity transmission services.

On average, the cost of electricity transmission is about 40%-45% of the electricity tariff.

Fortunately for enterprises and legal entities, tariffs for transmission services are regulated by the state - the tariff service for your region.

The Tariff Service sets the cost of electricity transmission services once and sometimes twice a year.

We will reduce your energy costs by 5% - 30%

Find out in detail
In order to determine the cost of electricity transmission services for your organization, you need

• go to the website of the commission for tariffs in your region,
• find on the website a file called “Resolution on the establishment of unified (boiler) tariffs for services for the transmission of electrical energy“
• find a one-rate tariff for half a year (year).

Here is the cost of the tariff for electricity transmission on the website of the tariff commission for Vostok LLC:

And here is also the figure on the electricity bill:

How to calculate the amount for electricity according to the meter (including the cost of 1 kW of electricity)

To calculate the energy resource consumed, residents must submit readings to the management or energy sales company every month from the 10th to the 26th. It is also recommended to periodically independently calculate the amount to be paid in order to control the accuracy of the accruals and identify for yourself where you can save money.

The procedure is simple, and every consumer can master it. The main thing is to follow the sequence of stages and know the established tariffs. Rates can be found on the website of your energy supply company. They are usually installed at the end of the year and are valid for the next 12 months.

Take readings

Currently, there are two types of electricity meters:

• induction;
• electronic.

The first are older models. They are also called mechanical. Induction meters operate in one tariff zone. The indicator is taken to the decimal point, that is, to the value highlighted in a different color. Usually it is 5 or 4 digits.

Electronic devices are more accurate than mechanical ones and can take into account energy consumption over several daily periods, so they are divided into the following types:

• single tariff;
• two-tariff;
• three-tariff.

If you have installed the first option, then you need to take the indicator in the same way as with an induction meter. But two- and three-rate devices take into account the energy consumed over several time intervals, indicating:

1. “Day” or “Peak” - T1;
2. “Night” - T2;
3. “Half Peak” - T3.

On such metering devices, indicators are displayed alternately with an interval of about 30 seconds. The daily rate value can be indicated next to the digital display or in the lower or upper left corner. It all depends on the brand of the electric meter.

Reference! All indicators are recorded to the decimal value, that is, to the decimal point. Rounding up is allowed.

Enter and calculate using the formula

After you have recorded all the daily indicators, you need to calculate the energy consumed for the month. To do this, first subtract the previous readings from the current month's data. If the electric meter is multi-tariff, then calculate each rate separately according to the principle: from T1 current. subtract T1 previous, and so on.

The amounts received must be multiplied by the current tariff. For example, for 2021 Mosenergosbyt has set the following rates:

In order to get the total amount payable, you need to add up all three amounts received at daily rates. If there is a benefit, it is deducted from the total amount.

If you have difficulties calculating electricity using a meter, you can use an online calculator.

Electricity tariffs for legal entities – Sales surcharge

The sales premium is set by the tariff commission in your region for one year.

A sales premium is the payment that a supplier of last resort receives for its services.

Here you can learn in more detail about guaranteeing and other electricity suppliers in the electricity market.

Each guaranteeing supplier has its own sales premium.

The sales premium depends on the region and the number of subscribers of the guaranteeing supplier.

As a rule, the sales premium ranges from 50 rubles to 300 rubles per MW.

In order to check the amount of the sales allowance, you need to:

• go to the website of your guaranteeing supplier in the section for legal entities,
• find the order of the tariff committee of your region, which is called something like this “On the establishment of sales markups for guaranteed suppliers of electrical energy supplying electrical energy in the territory...”,
• It is up to the Tariff Committee to find your supplier of last resort and ensure that the sales premium matches the tariff shown on your invoice.

In our example, the sales markup on the website of the guaranteeing supplier Vostok LLC is 63.6 rubles per MW, which corresponds to the amount indicated in the invoice:

The cost of other services in the electricity tariff

The list of other services (other services) in electricity tariffs for enterprises and organizations usually includes the following services:

• The tariff for operational dispatch management services is established and published annually by the service according to the tariffs of your region.
• The tariff for services for organizing the wholesale trade of electrical energy is established and published annually by the federal tariff service.
• Services for managing the wholesale electricity market are in favor of the commercial operator of the wholesale market - JSC ATS.

The cost of other services, as a rule, is not high and adds 1%-2% to electricity tariffs for legal entities.

In our example, the cost of other services for Vostok LLC is 3.37 rubles per MW.

Examples of room lighting calculations

The first example will be based on the utilization rate method. We take as initial data:

• Room length ( a ) = 6.0 m. Room width ( b ) = 5.8 m. Room height h1 = 2.8 m. Room area S = 5.8 × 6.0 = 34.8 m².
• For classrooms, workrooms, offices, representative offices, the standardized illumination is E = 400 Lux. The value is taken from table 2 of SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278–03. Here we pay attention to the column “Working surface and standardization plane for KEO and illumination (G - horizontal, V - vertical) and the height of the plane above the floor, m.” In our example, G - 0.8 means that h2 = 0.8 m.
• The luminous flux of the lamps used in the lamp is Fl = 1350 lm (18 W lamp). The number of lamps in the lamp is n = 4.
• Let us assume that the safety factor K3 = 1.5.
• Let us assume that the reflection coefficients are equal: ceiling 50, walls 30, floor 20.

Let's calculate the room index: k = (a × b) ⁄ ((h1 – h2) × a × b) = (5.8 × 6.0) ⁄ ((2.8 – 0.8) × 5.8 × 6 .0) = 1.47 ≈ 1.5.

Taking into account the reflection coefficients and the room index, we will determine the utilization coefficient ( U ) using specialized tables developed by manufacturers for a specific type of lamp.

Example table for determining utilization rate:

Based on the table U = 0.47. Now, knowing all the variables, you can calculate the required number of lamps:

N = (E × S × Kz) ⁄ (U × n × Fl) = (400 × 34.8 × 1.5) ⁄ (0.47 × 4 × 1350) = 8.22 ≈ 8 pcs.

Thus, the considered office space should be illuminated by lamps (of a specific type) in the amount of 8 pieces, evenly placed on the ceiling surface to achieve illumination E = 400 lux on the working surface (0.8 m from the floor).

As a second example, consider a simplified technique used in an online lighting calculator. Initial data:

• There is a living room with an area of ​​18 m² with a ceiling height of 2.7 m.
• 10 W LED lamps will be used for lighting. From the tables we determine that the luminous flux of one lamp is ≈ 900 Lm.

To calculate, we use the illumination formula 1 Lx = 1 Lm ⁄ 1 m². Accordingly, 1 Lm = 1 Lx × 1m. The standard illumination for living rooms is 150 Lux. We also know the area of ​​the room is 18 m². And since the ceiling height is 2.7 m, the correction factor is 1.

We get the required luminous flux for the room:

2700 Lm = 150 Lx × 18 m² × 1 (correction factor).

Now you can calculate the required number of LED lamps. To do this, divide the total value of the luminous flux by the amount of luminous flux in one lamp.

2700 Lm ⁄ 900 Lm = 3 LED lamps with a power of 10 W are needed for comfortable lighting of a living room with an area of ​​18 m².

Electricity tariffs for legal entities – purchased power

The cost of purchased capacity (purchased capacity) of Vostok LLC is 825 thousand rubles.

This is about 35% of the price of electricity for Vostok LLC.

On average, electricity tariffs for legal entities consist of 30%-40% of the cost of power.

We are interested in two numbers in the account -

1. amount of purchased power and
2. purchase power price.

What is purchased power (purchased power)?

Purchased power is the electricity consumption during peak hours of the region in which the enterprise is located.

Typically, peak hours are 10:00 or 11:00 in the morning and 19:00 or 20:00 in the evening.

You can view the peak hours of your region on the website of the Administrator of the trading system of the wholesale electricity market.

We will reduce your energy costs by 5% - 30%

Fair rates

In addition to increasing the electricity tariff, Ukrainian citizens received from Denis Shmygal a promise of fair tariffs for housing and communal services on December 28, 2021.

Firstly, the prime minister once again called on people to switch to the gas supplier NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine. Vesti.ua wrote about what surprises those wishing to change gas suppliers face. At Denis Shmygal's

it was like this: “
I recently personally applied to change my gas supplier, did it easily, in a few minutes, and calculated that the savings would be 30%
.”

And he immediately gave instructions to Yuri Vitrenko

:

1. Together with the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine (AMCU) “ to check the validity of gas prices.
   It is necessary to conduct an audit of the formation of tariffs and reduce those components of the tariff that are unfair and unjustified from the point of view of the market ,” the Prime Minister strictly punished. He was referring to gas transportation tariffs and gas coefficients.
2. By January 25, 2021, Yuriy Vitrenko must also submit an improved fuel and energy balance of Ukraine for consideration by the National Security and Defense Council and the Cabinet of Ministers.

“Updating the balance should show all Ukrainians that the government understands the problems of the industry and is looking for a compromise between the social component and business interests. I want to assure you that we will do everything to make every community and family more prosperous.

",
Shmygal
.

And those who are unlucky enough to become more prosperous in 2021 will be able to extend subsidies for housing and communal services and their benefits for 2021 in a regime that takes into account quarantine restrictions and is convenient for people. In any case, the prime minister gave instructions.

Amount of purchased power

In order to understand where the amount of purchased power comes from, look at the example of Vostok LLC.

Vostok LLC has purchased power of 1061.32 kW.

We look at the website of the Retail Network Administrator and see that the peak hour in the region and month that interests us was at 11 throughout the entire month.

Therefore, we are interested in the electricity consumption of Vostok LLC from 10:00 to 11:00 on weekdays throughout the month.

We collect data for the month into one table and calculate the average:

We compare and see that the average monthly electricity consumption during peak hours coincides with the amount of power indicated in the invoice of Vostok LLC.

Using the same method, you calculate the purchased power for your enterprise.

For example, on August 1, the peak load in your region was at 10.

Next, look at your business's electricity consumption from 9:00 to 10:00.

Let’s say on August 1, your enterprise consumed 990 kWh from 9 to 10.

990 kW is your purchased power on August 1st.

Further,

• take all working days of the month (usually 21-22),
• determine the purchased power for each working day,
• summarize the purchased power per month and
• divide by the number of working days in the month.

You receive the purchased power per month, which should match the power in your account.

Purchase power price

Next, we look at the account of Vostok LLC and see that the cost of purchased power is 777.34 rubles per kW.

Where does the cost of purchased power come from?

The cost of purchased power is formed on the wholesale electricity market and depends on the demand and supply of electricity in the month of interest to us.

In order to find the price of purchased power, you need to enter the website of your guaranteeing supplier in the section for legal entities.

On the website of the guaranteeing supplier, find a file called “Limit levels of unregulated prices...”.

Guarantee suppliers are required to publish this information monthly.

In the file “Limit levels of unregulated prices...” find the indicator weighted average unregulated price for power on the wholesale market, rubles/MW .

For Vostok LLC this is 777.34 thousand rubles per MW.