Types of state support
Divided by method of assistance:
- issuance of a cash subsidy - money that can be used strictly for its intended purpose: programs for young families, tax deductions, maternity capital, those leaving from the far north, the military, the zemstvo teacher, the zemstvo doctor and the zemstvo paramedic, the poor and state employees
- other types of support not related to the direct issuance of money: preferential mortgages, mortgage holidays, restructuring of mortgages for special categories of citizens, military personnel, orphans.
Government support is federal and regional.
Typically, federal programs set general directions and a minimum level of assistance, while regional programs specify the conditions and supplement federal bonuses from the local budget. That is, separate regional programs without federal ones almost do not exist.
State support can be calculated for all categories of citizens, such as preferential mortgages, or targeted - to support, for example, those leaving the Far North.
General state support
Preferential mortgage
There are several mortgage programs under which the government partially subsidizes the rate. Due to this, borrowers can take out a loan to purchase a home on more favorable terms and save on interest.
The rate is 6% for families with two or more children or with one disabled child. The maximum loan amount for Moscow, Moscow region, St. Petersburg and Leningrad region is 12 million rubles, for other regions - 6 million rubles. When buying a home in the Far East, the rate is even lower - 5%, and a house in rural areas there can be bought on the secondary market. Read more about this type of support by following the link.
Reason: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2017 No. 1711
Rate of 3% for the purchase of housing in rural areas. For the Far East and the Leningrad Region, the maximum loan amount at a preferential rate is 5 million rubles, for other regions - up to 3 million rubles. The mortgage term is up to 25 years.
Reason: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 30, 2019 No. 1567
The rate is 2% for the Far East. A separate state support program is in place for the purchase and construction of housing in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. Borrowers can be spouses with Russian citizenship not older than 35 years, a parent under the age of 35 with a minor child, or the owner of a “Far Eastern hectare”.
Reason: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 7, 2019 No. 1609
Mortgage holidays
Starting from 2021, loss of a job, disability, temporary incapacity for work, loss of more than 30% of income, or the emergence of new dependents may become grounds for obtaining a temporary break in mortgage payments.
Reason: Federal Law dated May 1, 2019 No. 76-FZ
From April 3, 2021, credit holidays of up to 6 months can be obtained by both ordinary citizens and individual entrepreneurs, representatives of small and medium-sized businesses who have experienced a decrease in income due to the pandemic by 30 percent or more compared to the average monthly salary for 2021 or was temporary disability due to coronavirus infection.
Reason: Federal Law dated 04/03/2020 No. 106-FZ
Read more about these types of government support by following the link.
Special conditions for mortgage restructuring for certain categories of citizens
From 2021, families with children, disabled people, military veterans and parents of full-time students under 24 years of age can count on reducing the loan amount by up to one and a half million rubles through one-time forgiveness of part of the debt and/or replacement of foreign currency a loan for Russian rubles at a rate lower than the rate of the corresponding currency established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of restructuring.
Reason: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 20, 2015 No. 373
Young family
The general conditions of such a program are established by the government of the Russian Federation, but the size of the subsidy, the conditions for entering the program and the grounds for payment out of turn are established by the regional authorities.
The subsidy can be used by spouses, each of whom is not older than 35 years old, or, if the family is single-parent, in which a parent is not older than 35 years old and there is a child. A young family can receive 30% of the average cost of housing in the region if there are no children, and 35% if there is at least one child or the family is not complete.
Reasons: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2017 No. 1710 together with a regional act; in Moscow this is Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 27, 2011 N 454-PP
Tax deduction
We also talked about this deduction earlier. If you are a personal income tax payer, then when purchasing a home you can return 13% of the cost of the purchased property, but not more than 260,000 rubles, and 13% of interest paid on the mortgage, but not more than 390,000 rubles.
Reason: Article 220 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Subsidies for the purchase of housing
Subsidies for the purchase of housing are possible for people on the housing waiting list. These are mainly low-income and large families. First of all, these are citizens who rent living space or live in municipal housing. The procedure for providing housing benefits to this category is almost the same as for young families. For such persons, government funds are allocated to pay off the down payment for future housing.
- 33 square meters of total housing area - for 1 person;
- 42 square meters of total housing area - for a family of 2 people;
- 18 square meters of total housing area for each family member - for a family of 3 or more people.
In this category, a correction factor is applied depending on the length of service:
- from 3 to 5 years of experience - 1,05;
- from 5 to 9 years of experience - 1,1;
- from 9 to 11 years of experience - 1,15;
- from 11 to 15 years of experience - 1,2;
- from 15 to 20 years of experience - 1,25;
- 20 years of experience or more - the coefficient increases by 0.05 for each year of service, but does not exceed 1.5 .
We recommend reading: What documents are needed to draw up an apartment purchase and sale agreement
Targeted programs
Military
The state guarantees military personnel the provision of their living quarters in the form of providing them with funds for the purchase or construction of living quarters or providing them with living quarters at the expense of the federal budget.
Reason: Federal Law of May 27, 1998 No. 76-FZ and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 3, 2014 No. 76
State financial assistance for WWII veterans or their widows is provided in full according to the market price of real estate. Liquidators in Chernobyl and people who participated in military and combat operations also have the right to state support.
Reason: Federal Law of January 12, 1995 No. 5-FZ
Maternal capital
Upon the birth of a second child before 2021, families receive maternity capital and can use it, among other things, to purchase housing, pay off a mortgage, pay for education and other purposes provided for by law. The amount is constantly indexed and currently amounts to 616,617 rubles.
Reason: Federal Law of December 29, 2006 No. 256-FZ
From 2021, families with only one child will be able to receive maternity capital and use it for the same purposes as the previous one. The amount of maternity capital in this case is 466,617 rubles. This amount will be indexed annually by approximately 4%.
Reason: Federal Law dated 01.03.2020 No. 35-FZ
Civil servants
Civil servants also have the right to government subsidies to solve housing problems. The law provides for many conditions that must be met to receive such financial assistance, but practice shows that many manage to receive support.
Reason: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 63 of January 27, 2009
Traveling from the Far North
Citizens who have lived and worked in the Far North for more than 15 years have the right to financial subsidies. The amount of the benefit will be calculated based on the standards developed for the region in which it should be issued.
Reason: Federal Law of October 25, 2002 N 125-FZ
Zemstvo teacher
Program participants are provided with a cash payment of 2 million rubles in the Far East and 1 million rubles in other regions. But for this you will have to work in a school located in a rural area, an urban village or a city with a population of no more than 50 thousand people for at least 5 years.
Recently, the Ministry of Education of Russia launched the All-Russian information portal “Zemsky Teacher”, which will allow teachers to find vacancies in rural settlements, towns or cities with a population of up to 50 thousand people.
Reason: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1430 of 09.11.2019
Zemstvo doctor and zemstvo paramedic
Under these programs, medical workers (doctors and paramedics) who moved to work in rural settlements, or workers' settlements, or urban-type settlements, or cities with a population of up to 50 thousand people, can receive a compensation payment of up to 500 thousand rubles (paramedics ) and up to 1 million rubles (doctors).
Reason: Art. 51 Federal Law No. 326-FZ dated November 29, 2010, Government Decree No. 1640 dated December 26, 2017
For orphans
Orphans and children left without parental care belong to the category of citizens to whom the state guarantees the provision of social housing. Until January 2013, orphans had the right to priority housing. However, the law was subsequently amended and currently orphans receive housing on a first-come, first-served basis.
Reason: Federal Law of December 21, 1996 No. 159-FZ
For the poor
The program is designed to solve the housing problem of citizens of the Russian Federation who have a certain level of income and are registered as needing improved housing conditions. Rules for providing assistance may vary depending on the region of residence. For example, in Moscow, money provided under this program can be spent on:
- purchase of secondary housing;
- purchasing housing in a new building;
- making a down payment on a mortgage or repaying the principal balance of a mortgage;
- to purchase a separate room in a communal apartment in addition to your own.
Reason: Art. 49 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation together with regional legislation
State employees
The state offers support to some categories of public sector workers in the form of social and financial assistance for the purchase of housing. Mere belonging to budgetary professions is not enough for a positive decision. The applicant must meet a number of conditions:
- living in an emergency house;
- discrepancy between actual footage and regional standards;
- the presence of a sick relative with whom living together is difficult;
- lack of own real estate (living with relatives, in a rented apartment).
Reason: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1050 dated December 17, 2010 + regional legislation: Decree of the Moscow Government dated September 27, 2011 No. 454-PP, Decree of the Moscow Region Government dated August 23, 2013 No. 655/34, Law of St. Petersburg dated December 12, 2005 No. 648 -91, Decree of the Government of St. Petersburg dated December 4, 2007 No. 1540
Subsidies for housing for civil servants: to whom, why and how much
In Russia, any civil servant can count on state assistance in resolving housing issues if he is recognized as in need of improved housing conditions. This refers to situations where an official does not have his own home, he lives in a hostel or in a communal apartment, or in a municipal or privatized apartment where there are no conditions for normal living.
We recommend reading: Size of a residential building
To receive a subsidy, you must submit an application to your local department of housing policy and housing. However, after this you have to “behave” very well, since the city leadership can simply remove the candidate for the subsidy from the register. It is clear that money transferred to a special account can only be spent on improving living conditions.
Memo
- Any of the proposed programs can be used only once. But this does not mean that only one of them is available to everyone. For example, a teacher living in the Far North decided to move to the countryside and became a participant in the “Zemstvo Teacher” program simultaneously with the “Far North” program. Over time, a family was formed, children appeared, and with them the right to “Maternity capital”. The conditions of the programs are changing, their number is increasing. All that remains is to carefully monitor these changes and use them in a timely manner.
- All programs are developed at the federal level and set a lower level of support; regional authorities cannot reduce it, but have the right to increase the size of subsidies or expand the circle of those receiving assistance.
