All about the sanitary maintenance of auxiliary premises of a residential building

Sanitary maintenance of residential buildings and local areas

They should be clearly visible from the windows of the house whose residents they serve, and should not be adjacent to the areas of another building or driveway. Entry is from footpaths and paths. The equipment of utility areas for drying clothes and airing outerwear is represented by pillars dug into the ground, and lines for stretching ropes between them. The distance between them should allow a standard rope (20 m) to be stretched between them. The covering of the sites is made of tiles or may not be hard or even soil (compacted soil).

Children's playgrounds (Fig. 1, a) are located in close proximity to residential buildings. On the side of playgrounds for other purposes or driveways and parking lots, playgrounds must have a green strip at least 5 m wide. It is recommended to install splashing pools next to playgrounds for primary schoolchildren, the area of ​​which is not included in the area of ​​the playgrounds.

Sanitary Maintenance of Residential Buildings and Local Areas

7.2. Public sanitary commissioners must assess the sanitary condition of a residential building and the adjacent area twice a year (in spring and autumn), as a rule, simultaneously with a general inspection of the building (including in the building inspection report the proposals of the sanitary authorities and the deadlines for eliminating identified deficiencies).

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7.1. Housing and operational organizations, in order to assist sanitary inspection bodies, police, administrative inspection and housing departments of local Soviets of People's Deputies to monitor the sanitary condition and maintenance of residential buildings and adjacent areas, must create public sanitary commissions that elect public sanitary commissioners acting on the basis of the regulations on public house committee.

Sanitary requirements for the maintenance of public catering establishments

The quality of prepared dishes largely depends on the sanitary and technical condition of equipment, utensils and utensils, maintenance of premises in proper condition and personal hygiene of production personnel.

The territory of the enterprise is cleaned daily, watered twice in the summer, and cleared of ice and snow in the winter.

Garbage is removed from the territory daily, and areas under garbage disposals are treated with disinfectants (dry bleach). The premises of the catering establishment are cleaned daily and only using a wet method. When floors become dirty, sweep them with a damp brush, then wash them with hot water and wipe them dry.

At the end of the working day, the floors are washed with detergents (Progress, soda ash). The panels are wiped daily with a damp cloth, and washed once a week with warm water and detergent. Ceilings are cleaned of dust with a slightly dampened cloth as they become dirty.

Sanitary standards and rules for residential buildings

1. It is prohibited to use the premises for other purposes, for example, to set up production (the project does not provide for such use of residential buildings).
2. A separate clause includes a ban on storing harmful chemicals.
3. It is not permitted to carry out work that will disturb residents of neighboring premises or exceed the permissible noise and dust levels.
4. It is prohibited to place objects and things that disturb other residents in public places, for example, corridors, staircases, and there is also a ban on flooding neighbors’ apartments.
5. The rules oblige you to monitor the serviceability of engineering systems - water supply and sewerage.

1. Standards for planting trees and shrubs near residential buildings have been identified. Trees with a large crown should be planted at a distance of at least 5 meters from the building; if the crown is larger, then the tree must be planted further from the wall. Regarding shrubs, the rule is this: they are planted 1.5 m from the wall and the height of their crown should not reach the lower edge of the window opening on the first floor.
2. It is planned to equip the territory and strictly distribute recreation areas for children to play, green spaces, guest parking, pedestrian and driveway paths.
3. Pedestrian paths, driveways, and parking lots must have a hard surface, and the parking lot must also have drainage.
4. The placement of departmental parking lots is prohibited, but nothing is said about commercial ones.

Rules for a good home

Many innovations relate to waste collection and disposal. Thus, in public areas, trash cans must now be placed at a distance of no more than 100 meters from each other, which must be emptied at least once a day. Container sites near houses should be fenced on three sides and should be regularly treated from insects and rodents. It is possible to organize underground waste accumulation systems with automatic container lifts. After loading the garbage into the garbage truck, the sites are required to be cleared of waste. And the garbage trucks themselves must be periodically washed and disinfected. It is prohibited to burn fallen leaves within a city or village; they are now supposed to be taken to landfills, reports Rospotrebnadzor. In the warm season (above +10 degrees), streets, squares and sidewalks need to be watered and swept, and if the thermometer is below zero, they need to be treated to remove ice. Changing cabins and trash bins are required on the beaches, and public toilets and showers must be installed every 100 meters (they must be cleaned at least once a day).

Some sanitary requirements are not new, but have become more specific. For example, it is prohibited to unload goods for stores that are built-in or attached to residential buildings from the courtyard and entrances. This can only be done from the ends of buildings, from the side of roads or from underground tunnels and closed landing stages. It is not allowed to wash cars, drain oil, adjust sound signals, brakes and engines near residential buildings.

The areas on which high-rise buildings are built must comply with hygienic standards established for air and soil, and safe levels of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation must be observed. Yards must be landscaped, landscaped, equipped with driveways and paved sidewalks, and electric lighting. Inside residential premises, standards for air quality, noise, electromagnetic radiation, and insolation must be observed. By the way, the actual standards for noise, insolation and other parameters are given in another SanPiN, which also comes into force on March 1.

Garbage chute lids in residential buildings must be tightly closed, and the trunk of the garbage chute must be washed at least once a month. Littering of basements, stairwells, staircases, and attics is not allowed.

Most of the requirements of the new SanPiN relating to the maintenance of an apartment building and the surrounding area were already spelled out in other documents, notes Nikita Chulochnikov, president of the Association of Real Estate Service Companies (AKON). In addition to the norms and rules relating to housing, the document establishes requirements for the arrangement of cemeteries, water bodies, soil, placement of radio-electronic equipment, sanitation of persons without a fixed place of residence, etc. The new sanitary rules exclude duplicative requirements of regulatory documents of other control and supervisory departments and authorities, and are interpreted unambiguously and unambiguously, Rospotrebnadzor emphasizes.

Maintenance of residential buildings: sanitary norms, rules and hygienic standards

Protection of common areas of residential buildings from rodents must be carried out in accordance with Sanitary norms and rules that establish requirements for the procedure for carrying out deratization measures (see Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated March 21, 2013 No. 24). The presence of domestic and (or) stray animals, rodents, as well as their remains in the basements and technical undergrounds of residential buildings is not allowed.

Also, the maximum permissible levels of infrasound in residential premises of a residential building should not exceed hygienic standards establishing maximum permissible levels of infrasound in workplaces, permissible levels of infrasound in residential and public premises and vibration in residential areas (see the resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated 06.12. 2013 No. 121). The intensity of ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields from internal and external sources should not exceed the values ​​​​established by hygienic standards.

1. All premises, equipment, medical and other supplies must be kept clean. Wet cleaning of premises (cleaning floors, furniture, equipment, window sills, doors) must be carried out at least 2 times a day, using detergents and disinfectants approved for use in the prescribed manner.

Window glass should be washed at least once a month from the inside and at least once every 3 months from the outside (spring, summer, autumn).

Cleaning equipment (buckets, basins, rags, mops, etc.) must be clearly marked indicating the premises and types of cleaning work, used strictly for their intended purpose, processed and stored in a designated room.

2. General cleaning of the premises of ward departments and other functional rooms and offices must be carried out according to a schedule at least once a month, with the treatment of walls, floors, equipment, inventory, and lamps.

General cleaning (washing and disinfection) of the operating unit, dressing rooms, maternity rooms, treatment rooms, manipulation rooms, sterilization rooms is carried out once a week with the treatment and disinfection of equipment, furniture, and equipment.

3. In the main premises of medical institutions, cosmetic repairs of the premises should be carried out annually. Elimination of current defects (elimination of leaks on ceilings and walls, traces of dampness, mold, sealing of cracks, crevices, potholes, restoration of peeling tiles, defects in floor coverings, etc.) must be carried out immediately.

4. During the period of current or major repairs, the operation of the premises must be stopped.

5. There should be no synanthropic arthropods, rats and mouse-like rodents in medical institutions. Carrying out preventive treatment (disinfection, disinfestation, deratization) of premises against synanthropic arthropods, rats and mouse-like rodents must be carried out in accordance with sanitary rules of organizations accredited for this type of activity.

6. Disposable products after disinfection are disposed of in the prescribed manner.

7. Reusable medical devices, which during operation can cause damage to the skin, mucous membrane, come into contact with the wound surface, come into contact with blood or injectable drugs, are subject to disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization.

8. Disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning, sterilization are carried out in accordance with regulatory documents and requirements established by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization of medical devices is carried out in the central sterilization department of the medical institution.

9. Patients’ linen should be changed as it gets dirty, regularly, but at least once every 7 days. Linen contaminated with patient secretions must be replaced immediately. Postpartum women should change bed linen once every 3 days, underwear and towels - daily, napkins - as needed. Before the patient returns to the room after surgery, a mandatory change of linen is performed. Patients should change their linen after surgery systematically until the discharge from the wounds stops.

· In operating rooms, obstetric hospitals (maternity wards and other rooms with aseptic conditions, as well as in wards for newborns), sterile linen should be used.

· Collection of dirty linen from patients in departments should be carried out in special dense containers (oilcloth or plastic bags, specially equipped linen trolleys or other similar devices) and transferred to the central linen room for dirty linen.

Disassembling dirty linen in the departments is prohibited.

Temporary storage (no more than 12 hours) of dirty linen in departments is allowed in rooms for dirty linen with waterproof finishing of surfaces, equipped with a washbasin, a device for air disinfection, in closed containers (metal, plastic tanks, tight boxes and other containers subject to disinfection).

To work with dirty linen, personnel must be provided with a change of sanitary clothing (robe, headscarf, gloves, mask).

· Washing hospital linen should be carried out in special laundries or a laundry room as part of a medical institution. The laundry washing regime must comply with current hygienic standards.

· Delivery of clean linen from the laundry and dirty linen to the laundry must be carried out in packaged form (in containers) by specially designated vehicles.

Transportation of dirty and clean linen in the same container is not allowed. Washing fabric containers (bags) should be carried out simultaneously with laundry.

· Processes associated with transportation, loading and unloading of linen should be mechanized as much as possible.

· After discharge (death) of the patient, and also as they become dirty, mattresses, pillows, blankets must be subjected to chamber disinfection treatment. To do this, the institution must have an exchange fund of bedding.

10. Collection, temporary storage and disposal of waste of various hazard classes in medical institutions is carried out in accordance with the rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical institutions.

11. Bins installed for collecting garbage at the entrances to buildings, in recreation areas and on the territory (every 50 m) must be cleared of garbage daily and kept clean.

12. Containers for collecting solid household waste must be provided with lids, regularly cleaned, washed and disinfected after each emptying.

Sanitary Maintenance of Residential Buildings and Local Areas

A number of other services for the current maintenance of the building, payment for which in the municipal housing stock is included in the article “Maintenance and repair of the housing stock”, are included in separate receipt items in the HOA. This is more convenient for the residents of the house, because... they know exactly what services they are paying for.

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The “maintenance and repair” clause in the HOA includes payment of administrative and management expenses (salary for the manager, accountant, service personnel) and business expenses (necessary tools for service personnel, detergents, disinfectants, etc.) The amount of required deductions under this article is determined at a general meeting of residents, but on average (based on actual data) this amount is 2.5 rubles/sq m of the total area of ​​the building.

Requirements for sanitary maintenance of enterprises

The meat shop is located in a row of procurement shops. Its device should ensure the sequence of the technological process of meat processing, starting from thawing carcasses to preparing semi-finished products. The fish shop is located next to the meat shop. The workshop must have refrigerated cabinets. The hot shop (kitchen) is equipped close to the cold shop and the dispensing room, clearly distinguishing between the soup and sauce departments.

The cold shop must be separated from the procurement shops and brought as close as possible to the hot shop and dispensing room. For the same purpose, the workshop demarcates work stations for preparing meat, fish, vegetable, sweet dishes and sandwiches, since these dishes are prepared from raw and heat-treated products that have different sanitary conditions.

The confectionery shop is located in isolation from all production premises, protecting its products from bacterial contamination. The kitchen utensil washing room is located next to the hot shop and is equipped with washing baths with hot and cold water supply, and racks for storing utensils.

Requirements for the arrangement of retail premises: hall, tableware washing, service area, buffet, bread slicer, antechamber.

The hall and administrative premises are decorated with beautiful, modern, easy-to-clean materials (wood, plastic, linoleum, adhesive and oil paint).

The walls of dining rooms are usually painted in calm, warm colors or trimmed with synthetic materials, while in restaurants and cafes they are lined with valuable wood species and particle boards. To reduce noise, walls and ceilings are finished with sound-absorbing perforated slabs coated with a fire-resistant compound that are easy to clean. The floors in the halls must be smooth, non-slip, and moisture-resistant.

In dining rooms, the floors are often covered with plastic, linoleum, and in restaurants and cafes, parquet covered with colorless varnish, synthetic carpets of a single color or roll materials based on synthetic resins are used for the floors.

Requirements for the arrangement of warehouse premises: refrigeration chambers, warehouses for dry products, vegetables.

For finishing industrial, warehouse and household premises, light-colored materials that are waterproof with a smooth, easy-to-clean surface are used.

Ceilings are usually covered with adhesive whitewash, walls at a height of 1.8 m are laid with ceramic tiles or synthetic materials or covered with oil paint. Window frames and doors are painted with oil or enamel paint in light colors. The floors are lined with metlakh tiles. Requirements for water supply, sewerage, heating, microclimate, ventilation and lighting.

Water supply to public catering establishments is carried out from a centralized water supply network, and in the absence of a water supply system, from an artesian well or mine well with water supply to all production premises. To supply the enterprise with hot water, a special hot water supply network is installed. Hot water is supplied through mixers to all sinks, production and washing baths, and showers. Its temperature should be no lower than 75°C, and for washing dishes – no lower than 90°C.

Hot water is not used for cooking, as it does not meet sanitary requirements. Heating must ensure the air temperature in the premises of public catering establishments in accordance with hygienic standards. The most favorable air temperature for humans is considered to be 18-20°C with a relative humidity of 40-60% and an air speed of 0.3 m/s.

Ventilation of premises helps to improve the microclimate in production, which affects working conditions, maintaining health and increasing the efficiency of personnel. Artificial lighting should be bright enough.

Requirements for the sanitary maintenance of public catering establishments.

The territory of the enterprise is cleaned daily, watered twice in the summer, and cleared of ice and snow in the winter.

Garbage is removed from the territory every day, and areas under garbage disposals are treated with disinfectants (dry bleach). The production premises of public catering establishments are cleaned daily and only with a wet method. When floors become dirty, sweep them with a damp brush, then wash them with hot water and wipe them dry. At the end of the working day, the floors are washed with detergents. Warehouses are cleaned daily in the same way as production areas. Sanitary rules provide for monthly sanitary days for general cleaning and disinfection of all premises, and in the confectionery industry, sanitary days are held 2 times a month.

To avoid contamination of prepared food, the premises are cleaned by different cleaners using specially marked cleaning equipment. To facilitate and speed up cleaning, floor scrubbers, vacuum cleaners, and electric floor polishers are used.

17. Sanitary and epidemiological safety of public catering establishments.

Features of hygiene and sanitation in public catering establishments.

Requirements for personal hygiene of catering workers: it is necessary to keep the body clean; wash your hands thoroughly up to the elbow; take a shower daily; hair must be tied back or cut short; You can straighten your hair and comb your hair only in the toilet rooms; use cosmetics in moderation and do not use strong-smelling perfumes; have short-cut nails, no varnish, clean undernail space; do not wear jewelry or watches; there should be no pustular wounds on the hands; you cannot start working with colds; sanitary clothing is put on in the following sequence: shoes (wash hands), hat, robe; do not use pins when pinning clothes; do not put foreign objects in clothing pockets; before leaving the production premises, remove sanitary clothing; change clothes when dirty; store sanitary clothing separately from outer clothing.

Food infections and food poisoning in public catering establishments.

Food safety means that there is no danger in using it. The following types of hazard pose a certain risk: microbial origin; nutrients; associated with pollution from the external environment; of natural origin; food additives and dyes. A food infection is a form of disease caused by the presence of a microorganism itself in a product. They occur only in food products of living microbial cells. Food poisoning (food intoxication) is a disease caused by toxic substances - toxins produced by a microorganism developing in the product.

They come in two types: exotoxins and endotoxins. Exotoxins are released from the cell into the environment during the life of microorganisms. Endotoxins are released only after the cell wall is destroyed. Exotoxins are more poisonous than endotoxins. Food intoxication is caused by staphylococci. Botulism is also an example of food poisoning. The most important in terms of the frequency and severity of the disease caused are the following types of microorganisms: coagulase-positive staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, etc.

The cause of the disease is, as a rule, unsanitary handling of food in catering establishments, the food industry and in everyday life. Acute intestinal infections.

Healthy people become infected with dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, salmonellosis and other diseases that affect the intestines from sick people or bacteria carriers who release pathogens from the intestines into the external environment.

These are the most common diseases, called “dirty hand diseases”, the pathogens of which enter the human body only through the mouth with food prepared in violation of sanitary and hygienic rules.

Pathogens of intestinal infections retain their viability in the external environment for a long time. Thus, the dysentery bacillus does not die on vegetables and fruits for 6-17 days, the typhoid bacillus does not die on bread for 30 days, and the cholera pathogen does not die in water for up to 2 years. Dysentery is a disease that occurs when a microbe, the dysentery bacillus, enters the human intestines with food.

Zoonoses

– foodborne infectious diseases that are transmitted to humans from sick animals through meat and milk.

These diseases include brucellosis, tuberculosis, anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, etc. Brucellosis is a severe infectious disease accompanied by attacks of fever, swelling and pain in the joints and muscles.

The incubation period is 4 - 20 days. The duration of the disease is from several weeks to several months. The causative agent is Brucella, a small rod-shaped bacterium with an optimal development temperature of 37°C, which dies during heat treatment.

Human infection occurs through milk, dairy products (cheese, feta cheese, butter) and meat, in which Brucella survives from 8 to 60 days. Food poisoning of bacterial origin

— These include predominantly acute diseases caused by eating food massively contaminated with microbes or containing toxic substances. According to the classification of food poisoning, adopted in 1981, they are divided into 3 groups: 1) microbial, 2) non-microbial and 3) of unknown etiology.

Food poisoning of microbial origin occurs from eating food containing living microbes or their poisons. Bacterial poisoning accounts for up to 90% of all food poisoning cases. They mainly occur in the summer, since the warm season contributes to the rapid proliferation of microbes in food.

Poisoning caused by living bacteria that enter the body with food is called foodborne toxic infections. This group of poisonings includes poisoning by opportunistic microbes. The peculiarity of these diseases is that the formation of poison (toxin) occurs in the human body, where microbes enter along with food.

Mycotoxicoses

- poisoning resulting from the ingestion of food contaminated with poisons of microscopic fungi into the human body.

Mycotoxicosis occurs mainly from the consumption of contaminated grain and leguminous products. Poisonings in this group include ergotism, fusariotoxicosis, and aflotoxicosis. Ergotism is a chronic food poisoning caused by ergot. This fungus parasitizes on ears of rye and wheat in the form of dark purple horns.

When entering the body with bread and cereal dishes, ergot poison affects the nervous system and causes circulatory problems.

To prevent ergotism, it is necessary to thoroughly clean ergot from food grains. According to GOST, its content in flour is allowed no more than 0.05%. At catering establishments, flour must be sifted and cereals must be sorted. Food poisoning of non-microbial origin.

Poisonings in this group account for about 10% of the total number of poisonings.

According to the classification, poisoning of non-microbial origin is divided into: poisoning by products that are poisonous by nature - mushrooms, stone fruit kernels, raw beans, some types of fish; poisoning with temporarily poisonous products - potatoes, fish during the spawning period; poisoning with toxic impurities - zinc, lead, copper, arsenic.

Sanitary requirements for mechanical culinary processing of products.

Before starting work, the cook must check the sanitary condition of mechanical equipment, the cleanliness of his workplace and equipment. The cleanliness of the work area must be maintained throughout food processing. Before processing food products, the cook must check their quality and, in case of doubt about the quality of a particular product, inform the production manager or senior cook about this; the latter must delay the receipt of the product for production until the issue of its good quality is resolved, which is done together with representatives of sanitary supervision.

There are cold, or primary, and heat processing of food products. Products entering production must first undergo pre-treatment - thoroughly cleaned of contaminants and inedible parts, washed, etc.

and only then processed. Careful pre-treatment is of great hygienic importance, as it leads to a significant reduction in the contamination of products with microbes. Sanitary requirements for thermal cooking and food preparation processes

.

When preparing food, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the cooking technology, the sequence of the technological process, and the flow of the production process. Factors influencing the quality of finished products are: the quality of the raw materials from which food is prepared (evaluated organoleptically upon receipt from the warehouse); it is necessary to reduce the duration of the technological process as much as possible; eliminate counter and cross movements of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products; the number of dishes prepared must correspond to the design capacity of the enterprise; products must be prepared in certain batches as they are sold; processing of raw and finished products must be carried out separately in specially equipped workshops using equipment with appropriate markings; weighing is carried out on a clean scale platform in a production container.

Inside the enterprise, products must be transported only in closed containers, on which the inscription corresponding to the product (“meat”, etc.) is written. The quality of processed raw materials depends on the sanitary condition of the cook’s workplace, equipment, and inventory. Before work, wipe with a damp cloth, and at the end of the working day, wash with detergents and rinse with hot water.

During work, it is necessary to promptly remove food waste, empty kitchen utensils and equipment from the table, and maintain order. After each production operation, the table is washed with hot water. Cutting boards and knives should be used strictly for their intended purpose and in accordance with the labeling.

Sanitary quality control of finished products.

Daily control is carried out by the enterprise's rejection commission, and systematic control is carried out by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Center represented by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision centers and sanitary and food laboratories.

A marriage commission is created at each public catering enterprise. Its members include: director (chairman of the rejection commission), production manager, sanitary worker, representative of public control (industrial enterprises, institutions, educational institutions).

Grading includes studying the menu and calculations for a dish, products, determining the temperature of finished products, an organoleptic study of quality and determining the yield of products. The quality of dishes is determined at the place of their preparation and sale in the presence of a cook (pastry chef). Dishes are tasted in a certain sequence. For organoleptic examination you must have: a chef's needle (to determine the readiness of meat and fish), two spoons (for samples of liquid dishes), knives, forks (for samples of dense dishes), two plates (for sampling), a kettle with boiling water (for rinsing knives, forks).

The result of the inspection is recorded in a special rejection journal. Sanitary and epidemiological supervision and sanitary and epidemiological legislation.

Sanitary and epidemiological supervision is an activity to suppress and prevent violations of sanitary and epidemiological requirements.

For products subject to sanitary and epidemiological inspection, a certificate of state registration of products is issued.

Sanitary legislation (sanitary and epidemiological legislation) is a system of normative legal acts adopted by the legislative branch of the Russian Federation regarding compliance with sanitary and epidemiological living conditions of Russian citizens.

Sanitary legislation is based on the basic provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which establishes the human right to health protection (Article 41.1), and also declares the need for targeted government activities to achieve sanitary and epidemiological well-being by the population (Article 41.2).

The technological process is the basis of any production

, which is understood as a set of expedient operations for obtaining and processing raw materials into semi-finished products or finished products.

The set of technological processes performed in a certain sequence to obtain a product of a certain quality is called a production process

.

Each successive impact on a material (object) is usually called production operations

, which, in turn, are divided into technological, transport and auxiliary.

The technology for the production of livestock products includes a sequential list of technological operations required for the production of a particular product, indicating the consumption rates of raw materials (feed) and materials, release dates, as well as fulfillment of zootechnical requirements, basic technical and economic indicators.

Industrial animal husbandry has much in common with factory production.

This is the rhythm and flow of production processes, assignment of operations to certain equipment, etc. However, the livestock complex differs significantly from an industrial enterprise.

Firstly, if the latter is a closed dynamic engineering and technical system "man - machine" with deterministic feedback, then the livestock complex is a biotechnical system "man - machine - animal" with an independent active biological link.

The leading and controlling link in this system is a human operator, but the presence of a second biological link in it - an animal - turns the entire system into a probabilistic one, since “living factories” in the process of producing meat and milk are subject to their own biological and physiological laws, which humans still follow. I haven’t learned to fully manage.

Secondly, in industrial production, a person, using means of labor, influences the object of labor directly, consistently transforming raw materials into a finished product.

Maintenance of the local area

Currently, the organization of management of an apartment building is carried out by a management company or a homeowners' association (HOA). These organizations must ensure that collections for solid household waste are installed in the serviced territory, and in non-sewered buildings they must also have collections (cesspools) for liquid waste; in addition, they organize timely cleaning of the territory and systematic monitoring of its sanitary condition , and also organize waste removal and control over the implementation of the waste disposal schedule.

Among other things, the organization servicing a residential building is obliged to install trash cans that correspond to the model approved by the local government on the territory of each household. Bins should be cleared of waste during the day as needed, but at least once a day, and washed periodically during morning cleaning. The urn should be painted at least once a year.

Cleaning the local area: what is included in the list of works?

QUESTION:I ask you to clarify the line in the maintenance of common property in apartment buildings: Cleaning and sanitary cleaning of the land plot! What types of services are included in this section?
Natalya, 02.08.2011

Edited:
ANSWER:
The list of works included in the cleaning of the local area and sanitary cleaning is established by the Rules and Standards for the Technical Operation of the Housing Fund MDK 2-03.2003 (Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170). This document is mandatory for use (see the resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation on this issue). Quote from the Rules:

3.6. Cleaning the local area. Organization of territory cleaning

3.6.1. Cleaning of sites, gardens, courtyards, roads, sidewalks, courtyards and intra-block passages of territories must be carried out by housing maintenance organizations; Sidewalks may be cleaned by specialized services. 3.6.2. Places that are inadmissible for harvesting machines must be cleared manually before the machines start operating; from hard-to-reach places, it is allowed to apply snow to the strip removed by the machines. 3.6.3. At the points of entry and exit of cleaning vehicles on the sidewalk, ramps made of asphalt concrete or local reductions in side stones should be installed. The width of the ramp should be 0.5 m greater than the width of the machine. 3.6.4. Housing maintenance organizations are required to provide free access to inspection well hatches and control units for utility networks, as well as fire water supply sources (fire hydrants, reservoirs) located in the serviced area. 3.6.5. Materials and equipment in yards should be stored in specially designated areas. 3.6.6. The frequency of sidewalk cleaning is decided by the local government depending on the intensity of pedestrian traffic on the sidewalks (depending on the class of the sidewalk)*(4).

Note: *(4) Average number of pedestrians per hour, obtained by counting pedestrians from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. in a 0.75 m wide traffic lane with traffic up to 50 person-hours. I class when moving from 51 to 100 person-hours. Class II when moving - from 101 or more person-hours. III class

3.6.7.
Sidewalks with a width of more than 3.5 m, as well as intra-block driveways and courtyards should be cleaned, as a rule, with machines designed for roadways (provided the load-bearing capacity of the coatings is satisfactory). 3.6.8. Cleaning of adjacent areas should be carried out in the following sequence: first clean, and in case of ice and slippery conditions, sprinkle sidewalks, pedestrian paths, and then courtyard areas with sand. 3.6.9. Cleaning, except for snow removal, which is carried out during snowfalls, should be carried out in the morning or evening hours. On class I sidewalks, mechanized cleaning at high speeds (7-8 km/h) is allowed, provided that pedestrian traffic is safe. Mechanized cleaning of adjacent areas can be carried out during the daytime at vehicle speeds of up to 4 km/h. The volume of cleaning work in summer and winter should be determined by area depending on the covering material of the local area, given in the technical passport for the residential building (houses) and land plot. Summer cleaning

3.6.10. Summer cleaning of local areas: sweeping, washing or watering manually or using special machines should be carried out mainly in the early morning and late evening hours. Sidewalk washing should be done only on open sidewalks directly adjacent to the runway, and in the direction from the buildings to the roadway. Washing sidewalks must be completed before performing this operation on the roadway, for which the time for cleaning sidewalks must be linked to the work schedule of watering and washing machines. 3.6.11. Watering sidewalks during the hottest part of the day should be done as needed, but at least twice a day.

Table 3.1

┌────────────────────────────┬─────────── ───────── ──────────┐│ Sidewalk class │ Frequency of execution │├────────────────────── ──────┼── ──────────────────────── I │ Once every two days ────── ─────────────────┼─────────────────────── ───────┤│ II │ Once a day │├────────────────────────────┼─────── ────── ─────────────────┤│ III │ Twice a day │└──────────────── ─────── In the presence of special local conditions causing increased clogging, frequency of cleaning Work can be taken up to three times a day. 3.6.12. The frequency of summer harvesting work, depending on the intensity of traffic, should be taken according to Table 3.1. 3.6.13. Work on summer cleaning of territories must be completed within the time limits established in clause 3.6.10.

Winter cleaning

3.6.14. The frequency of winter cleaning work to clean sidewalks during snowfall (moving and sweeping snow) should be taken according to Table 3.2.

Table 3.2

┌─────────────────┬────────────────────── ───────┬─ ─────────────────────────┐│ Pavement class │ Frequency, hours, at │ Frequency at ││ │ air temperature, °C — │ no snowfall, │ │ │ │ day ││ ├──────────────┬──────────────┤ ││ │ lower - 2 │ higher - 2 │ │├ ─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────── ──────┼── ─────────────────────┤│ 1 │ in 3 │ in 1.5 │ in 3 │├─────── ────── ────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼────── ───────── ────────┤│ 2 │ in 2 │ in 1 │ in 2 │├─────────────────┼─── ─────── ────┼──────────────┼───────────────────── ──┤│ 3 │ in 1 │ in 0.5 │ in 1 │└─────────────────┴──────────────┴── ────── ─────┴─────────────────────────┘rap the snow accumulating on the roofs should be dumped to the ground and move to the footnote strip, and on wide sidewalks form into shafts. 3.6.15. In the absence of snowfall, cleaning of coatings from alluvial snow should be carried out in the early morning hours using machines with plow-brush equipment, once every 3, 2 and 1 day, respectively, for sidewalks of classes I, II and III. 3.6.16. The snow to be removed should be moved from the sidewalks onto the roadway into the tray strip, and in the courtyards - to storage areas. 3.6.17. Snow moved from intra-block driveways should be placed in piles and shafts located parallel to the side stones, or stored along the driveway using, as a rule, rotary snow blowers. 3.6.18. On sidewalks more than 6 m wide, separated by lawns from the roadway, it is allowed to move snow onto a shaft in the middle of the sidewalk for subsequent removal. 3.6.19. Work on laying snow in banks and piles must be completed on class I and II sidewalks no later than 6 hours after the end of the snowfall, and in other areas no later than 12 hours. 3.6.20. Snow collected in courtyards, on intra-block driveways and, taking into account local conditions on individual streets, may be stored on lawns and in free areas, while ensuring the preservation of green spaces. 3.6.21. Areas of sidewalks and courtyards covered with compacted snow should be removed as soon as possible, as a rule, with compacted snow rippers. Raking and cleaning of chips should be done simultaneously with chipping or immediately after it and stored together with the snow. 3.6.22. When manually clearing sidewalks and intra-block (asphalt and cobblestone) driveways, snow must be removed completely under the scraper. In the absence of improved coatings, snow should be removed under the engine, leaving a layer of snow for subsequent compaction. 3.6.23. If slipperiness occurs, treatment of road surfaces with a sand-salt mixture should be carried out at a rate of 0.2-0.3 kg/m using distributors. 3.6.24. The time for treating the coatings with a sand-salt mixture in priority areas should not exceed 1.5 hours, and the completion date for all work should not exceed 3 hours. 3.6.25. Ice formations softened after treatment must be moved or swept away with plows and snow blowers, preventing them from falling on open ground, under trees or on lawns. 3.6.26. Coatings should be treated with coarse-grained and medium-grained river sand that does not contain stones and clay inclusions. The sand must be sifted through a sieve with holes 5 mm in diameter and mixed in advance with table salt in an amount of 5-8% of the sand mass. 3.6.27. With the onset of spring, housing maintenance organizations must organize: - flushing and clearing of grooves to ensure the outflow of water in places where this is required for the normal drainage of melt water; — systematic removal of melt water to manholes and receiving wells of the storm network; — general cleaning of courtyard areas after the snow has melted, collecting and removing debris, remaining snow and ice.

Features of winter cleaning in cities of the Northern climate zone

3.6.28. In cities with significant snowfalls, blizzards and snow drifts, snow-covered areas must be identified in advance, and measures to reduce these drifts must be developed and implemented. 3.6.29. Area surfaces must be completely repaired before the onset of frost, materials and objects that may cause damage to snow blowers or contribute to the formation of drifts must be removed. 3.6.30. The frequency of clearing sidewalks of snow during snowfalls of significant intensity and snow transport, regardless of their class, given in Table 3.2., is reduced; in some cases, cleaning must be carried out continuously. In this case, snow storage is allowed on wide sidewalks, provided that a clear pedestrian lane of at least 3 m wide is provided. 3.6.31. Work on cleaning city roads during prolonged snowfalls with an intensity of more than 6 mm/h, heavy snowfall and other extreme conditions must be carried out in accordance with the emergency action plan.

3.7. Sanitation, garbage and recyclable materials collection

3.7.1. Housing maintenance organizations are required to ensure: the installation of collections for solid waste in the serviced area, and in non-sewered buildings, in addition, have collections (cesspools) for liquid waste; timely cleaning of the territory and systematic monitoring of its sanitary condition; organizing waste removal and monitoring compliance with the waste disposal schedule; free access and lighting near sites for the installation of containers and waste bins; maintaining containers and waste bins in good condition (except for containers and bins owned by other organizations) without overfilling or polluting the territory; Carrying out extensive educational work among the population on organizing the cleaning of the territory. 3.7.2. Household waste should be collected in: - portable metal garbage containers with a capacity of up to 100 liters, installed under a canopy, for residential buildings with a population of up to 200 people; - containers with a capacity of up to 800 liters - for houses with a population of 200 people. and more. As a temporary measure, in the absence of metal garbage containers, it is allowed to install a bin for bulky waste, as well as wooden removable boxes without a bottom with loading hatches 0.5x0.5 mm. 3.7.3. Temporary garbage containers should be dense, and the walls and lids should be painted with permanent dyes. All metal garbage receptacles should be painted at least twice a year - in spring and autumn. 3.7.4. Garbage containers of all types must be installed on a concrete or asphalt site, usually with a fence made of standard reinforced concrete products or other materials with shrubs planted around the site. Platforms for containers on wheels must be equipped with a ramp from the roadway and a fence (curb) 7-10 cm high, eliminating the possibility of containers rolling to the side. 3.7.5. Entrances to places where containers and stationary waste bins are installed must be illuminated and have road surfaces taking into account the turning of vehicles and the release of the lifting boom of a container truck or manipulator. When placing up to six portable garbage containers on one site, their delivery to the access points for garbage trucks must be organized. 3.7.6. Garbage bins must be placed at a distance from windows to doors of residential buildings of at least 20 m, but no more than 100 m from the entrance entrances. 3.7.7. The number and capacity of yard waste containers is determined in accordance with the established procedure. 3.7.8. Collection of solid household waste in unsewered households should be carried out separately in small (metal) containers, which should be taken by residents at the appointed time to the place where the garbage truck stops. If it is difficult to operate metal waste bins at sub-zero temperatures, it is permissible to use removable wooden boxes without a bottom with a capacity of up to 1 m, installed on a concrete or asphalt area. To collect liquid household waste and slops on the territory of unsewered households, dumpsters should be installed, as a rule, combined with yard latrines by a common cesspool. 3.7.9. Waste bins must have opening loading hatches with grates installed underneath them with holes up to 25 mm. 3.7.10. Public restrooms must have smooth walls and floors that allow them to be washed. Restrooms must have natural and electric lighting and exhaust ventilation. It is allowed to install warm (inside) latrines with a bucket flush toilet, as well as unheated yard latrines. Flushing toilets of non-sewered latrines directly from the water supply is not permitted. 3.7.11. Collecting wet waste and pouring slops into metal garbage containers is not permitted. Wet waste that settles on the grates of garbage dumps should be transferred by janitors to garbage bins only when the garbage truck arrives. 3.7.12. The capacity of cesspools when cleaning once a month should be determined based on one resident (or three people coming to work): - in latrines without flushing - 0.1 m3; - with flushing the toilet from a bucket - 0.2-0.25 m; - in yard latrines and garbage dumps with a common cesspool - 0.25-0.30 m. In all cases, 20% should be added for uneven filling. The depth of the cesspools should be from 1.5 to 3 m, depending on local conditions. 3.7.13. Cesspools must be waterproof, brick, concrete or wooden with a mandatory “lock” made of greasy crumpled clay 0.35 m thick around the walls and under the bottom of the cesspool. The cesspools must have dense double hatches, wooden 0.7x0.8 m or standard round cast iron. 3.7.14. Cesspools in houses connected to the sewer network must subsequently be completely cleared of contents, the walls and bottoms must be dismantled, the pits filled with soil and compacted. 3.7.15. Bulky waste: old furniture, bicycles, leftovers from current apartment renovations, etc. must be collected at specially designated sites or in storage bins and, at the request of housing service organizations, removed by garbage trucks for bulky waste or ordinary freight transport. 3.7.16. Burning of all types of waste in households and in garbage bins is prohibited. 3.7.17. On the territory of each household, ballot boxes must be installed that correspond to the model approved by the local government. The distance between trash cans should be at least 50 m on category III sidewalks, no more than 100 m on other sidewalks, in courtyards, in places where small waste may be generated (in front of store entrances, etc.). 3.7.18. Bins should be cleared of waste throughout the day as needed, but at least once a day, and washed periodically during morning cleaning. 3.7.19. The urn should be repainted at least once a year. 3.7.20. In yard latrines located in non-sewered areas of the household, latrines must be cleaned and disinfected daily with a 20% solution of bleach.

/// See also: - List and frequency of work on the maintenance and repair of residential premises - Frequency of cleaning the local area, removal of bulky waste - Landscaping of the local area: what is included in the list of works?

Site support

Adjacent territory: rights and responsibilities of the owner

In turn, the owners of the premises, in accordance with the terms of the contract, have the right to check the volume, quality and frequency of provision of services and work, demand that the responsible persons eliminate identified defects and check the completeness and timeliness of their elimination.

When providing services and performing work of inadequate quality, the management organization is obliged to reduce the amount of the fee in accordance with the Rules for changing the amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises in the case of providing services and performing work on the management, maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building of inadequate quality and (or ) with breaks exceeding the established duration, approved by the above-mentioned resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Housing and communal services news

On March 1, 2021, sanitary rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the maintenance of territories of urban and rural settlements, water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply, atmospheric air, soils, residential premises, operation of industrial, public premises, organization and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures”, approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 3.

The validity period of these rules and regulations is determined until 03/01/2027.

Perhaps the most resonant provision of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 for persons managing apartment buildings is clause 126 of this document, which contains the requirement that in the common areas of apartment buildings the business entity managing the apartment building must carry out daily wet cleaning using detergents and cleaning products.

Let us remind you that according to Part 1 and Part 2 of Art. 161 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the management of an apartment building must ensure favorable and safe living conditions for citizens, proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, which, in turn, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, including in the field of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being population.

Consequently, the maintenance of common property in an apartment building from March 1 will be considered appropriate, subject to compliance with the requirements established by the new sanitary rules and regulations, incl. requirements for the frequency of wet cleaning of common areas in apartment buildings, regardless of what frequency of such cleaning was provided for by the terms of the management agreement for an apartment building (if we talk about the situation when the house is managed by the management authority).

Since, as explained in paragraph 16 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated June 27, 2017 N 22, “... the amount of such payment approved by the general meeting of owners cannot be established arbitrarily, must ensure the maintenance of common property in an apartment building in accordance with the requirements of the law and meet requirements of reasonableness (Part 1 of Article 156 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation)”, and also because, according to the explanations given in paragraph 17 of the said Resolution, “The management organization does not have the right to unilaterally change the procedure for determining the amount of payment for the maintenance of residential premises and charge a fee for the maintenance of residential premises in an amount exceeding the amount of such payment determined in accordance with the concluded agreement for the management of an apartment building...", we believe that in connection with the entry into force of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 and the objective increase in the costs of the management organization for the maintenance of common property in the apartment building, it will have to act with the initiative to hold a general meeting of premises owners for the purpose of making a decision on approval of a new fee.

At the same time, we should not forget that, according to Part 7 of Art. 156 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the amount of payment for the maintenance of residential premises in an apartment building is determined taking into account the proposals of the management organization and is set for a period of at least one year. Setting a new fee before the expiration of the specified period may have certain risks (we will not dwell on this in more detail now, so as not to go far from the topic).

Clause 126 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 also provides for the need to carry out disinfestation and deratization measures in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as for the organization and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures.

At the same time, it is indicated that there should be no synanthropic insects and rodents in the premises of multi-apartment residential buildings, and if they appear, appropriate disinfestation and deratization measures must be carried out.

According to clause 133 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 it is not allowed:

• storage and use of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air in the common property of an apartment building;
• littering, pollution and flooding of basements and technical undergrounds, stairwells and cages, attics.

SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 establishes requirements not only regarding the proper maintenance of premises in apartment buildings, but also requirements for land plots.

Thus, clause 124 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 states that land plots of multi-apartment residential buildings must:

• comply with hygienic standards established for atmospheric air, soil, levels of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in populated areas;
• be landscaped, landscaped, equipped with driveways and paved sidewalks, have electric lighting;
• clean daily;
• sprinkle with water at air temperatures above plus 10°C, and undergo anti-icing measures at temperatures below 0°C.

From clause 135 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 it follows that on the territories of land plots of multi-apartment residential buildings, washing vehicles, draining fuel and oils, adjusting sound signals, brakes and engines is prohibited, and clause 139 indicates the inadmissibility of loading materials and products , goods from the courtyard of an apartment building, where the entrances to the residential premises are located.

The new sanitary rules and regulations did not ignore issues related to the arrangement of container sites and special sites for the accumulation of bulky waste.

These sites, regardless of the types of waste containers (containers and bunkers), must have an access road, a hard (asphalt, concrete) surface with a slope for draining melt and rainwater, as well as a fence to prevent the spread of waste beyond the container site.

Special sites must have an access road, a hard (asphalt, concrete) surface with a slope to drain melt and rainwater, as well as a fence on three sides with a height of at least 1 meter.

Clause 4 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 regulates the distance from container and (or) special sites to multi-apartment residential buildings: it must be at least 20 meters, but not more than 100 meters (this distance can be reduced by no more than 25% based on the results of assessing the application for the creation of a place (site) for the accumulation of MSW for its compliance with the requirements of SanPiN).

The number of containers and bunkers is determined in accordance with clause 6 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21, which states that container sites should accommodate no more than 8 containers for mixed accumulation of MSW or 12 containers, of which 4 are for separate accumulation of MSW, and no more than 2 bunkers for accumulating CGO.

According to clause 8 of the sanitary rules and regulations, the owner of the container and (or) special site ensures cleaning, disinfestation and deratization of the container and (or) special site, depending on the outside temperature, the number of containers on the site, the distance to standardized objects in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to these rules.

The specified appendix contains a corresponding table that allows you to determine the frequency of work carried out, and clause 10 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 states that if the site is contaminated after loading MSW (CLW) into a garbage truck during loading, it must be cleared of waste by the owner of the container and (or) a special site.

In the case of management of an apartment building by a management company, it is she who performs such duties.

As for the frequency of removal of unsorted MSW, it is established taking into account the period of their temporary accumulation based on the average daily outside air temperature for 3 days: plus 5°C and above - no more than 1 day; plus 4°C and below - no more than 3 days.

The frequency of MSW removal depends not only on the outside temperature, but also on the distance from the container site to the apartment building and on the number of containers on it, as follows from the table given in Appendix No. 1 to SanPiN 2.1.3684-21.

Sanitary rules and regulations establish the time interval during which the removal of MSW must be ensured: from 7 to 23 hours.

In order not to overload our brief review of the new SaPiN with the topic of garbage, we will touch upon the topic of water, namely production control of its quality.

Clause 77 of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 states that business entities engaged in water supply and operation of water supply systems must exercise production control according to a program for production control of the quality of drinking and hot water, developed and agreed upon in accordance with the Rules for the implementation of production control of quality and safety drinking water, hot water, established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 01/06/2015 N 10 and appendices N 2 - N 4 to the Sanitary Rules.

Since judicial practice has recently developed in such a way that organizations managing apartment buildings are recognized as organizations providing cold water supply or hot water supply, respectively, and are obliged to carry out production control of the quality of drinking water and hot water, then from the moment SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 comes into force, management organizations must take into account the requirements for the quality of cold and hot water established by these rules, including the requirements for production control (see section IV of these rules and regulations and appendices No. 2 - No. 4 to them).

Based on materials from the website “Burmistr.ru” https://www.burmistr.ru/

Rights and responsibilities of citizens regarding the maintenance of a residential building and surrounding area

5) a project for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of the transferred premises prepared and executed in the prescribed manner (if the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment are required to ensure the use of such premises as residential or non-residential premises).

It is necessary to keep in mind that since the adjacent territory is in the common ownership of the owners of the premises, the procedure for registering land allotment becomes more complicated. For example, when transferring a premises on the ground floor from residential to non-residential and erecting an extension occupying the adjacent territory, you must again obtain the consent of all owners of the premises and conclude with them either a lease agreement for that part of the site that is occupied by such an extension, or buy it out.

Topic 3

The duration of the winter season, during which winter cleaning work is planned, is established by local authorities depending on local weather and climatic conditions. For St. Petersburg, planning is based on the duration of the winter season from October 15 to April 15.

The type of coverage and the intensity of traffic are interrelated characteristics, since ease of movement generates an increase in the intensity of use of any route, therefore, when establishing standards, obviously unlikely combinations were excluded, for example, the prices did not include cleaning of a 3rd class area without coverage.