Separately about water
When choosing water, pay attention to its labeling. Bottled is designated “for food” or “for preparing mixtures.” The second option does not contain a large amount of mineral salts, so it does not upset the balance of the mixture. Moreover, it is recommended to use filtered and boiled tap water only in the most extreme cases. If you don’t have the opportunity to regularly buy bottled water, purchase a special “children’s” filter. It does an excellent job of purifying running water, making it more or less suitable for baby food.
How to determine the temperature of water 80 degrees. Calculation of the volume of water at different temperatures when mixing
The task of determining the volume of water of different temperatures to mix and obtain the required temperature is quite common in everyday life. It is especially relevant if there is a small (infant) child in the house. The temperature of the feeding mixture must be at a certain temperature - usually 36-37°C. It is usually obtained by mixing boiling water (water at a temperature of 100°C) and water at room temperature (18-24°C). How to determine how much water to use for mixing?
And if the water is turned off and you have to heat it on the stove, how can you get the right temperature for bathing your baby? Our calculator will help answer this and many other questions about mixing water (and other liquids) of different temperatures. It is enough to measure the temperature of cold water, and knowing the temperature of boiling water and substituting the required volume of water into the calculator, it is easy to obtain the required proportions for mixing.
Water mixing calculator
How much water should be mixed to obtain the desired temperature
Example of calculating the temperature of a water mixture
Let's look at a simple example. You want to prepare 150ml of baby formula, you have boiling water and water at room temperature (22°C). The required temperature of the mixture is 37 degrees. Substituting the data into the calculator, we find that to obtain this amount of mixture at the required temperature, you need to mix 29 ml of boiling water and 121 ml of water at room temperature.
Calculator for water mixtures of different temperatures
Another task for mixing water is determining the final temperature of the mixture and its volume. To solve it, use the second calculator below - just enter the known data and get the result immediately.
Is it worth starting to harden your baby when bathing?
Hardening is training the body's thermoregulation system. Activities to harden the baby should be short-term and as natural as possible. Excessive zeal with hardening can lead to the opposite effect - depletion of the body's protective reserves.
Modern mothers argue about hardening the baby with the help of water procedures. Hardening, according to famous pediatricians, is useful, but if the baby is very small, then you should not experiment with pouring cold water.
Pouring cold water and immunity
Pouring cold water is a stressful and unnatural event for a child. A grown-up baby will actively resist the adult’s desire to douse him with water of an unpleasant temperature.
On a note! According to the observations of experienced parents, in families that practice forced hardening, children do not get sick much less often.
Children should enjoy and enjoy bathing every night. Instead, they begin to be afraid of swimming, tense up, and expect tricks from adults when taking water procedures. In order not to harm the psychological balance and health of the baby, it is worth starting hardening with natural methods, but not with cold water.
What should the hot water temperature be according to law?
Payment for hot water makes up a significant part of utility costs. But practice shows that centralized water supply does not guarantee constant access of consumers to high-quality hot water that meets established standards. Non-compliance with the temperature regime is the main problem. SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09 states that the temperature of hot water should normally correspond to the mark from 60°C to 75°C at the point of intake.
Such indicators are not designated by chance. They provide protection against the spread of pathogens. Warm water provides a good environment for the development of dangerous microbes, including Legionella, which can cause severe pneumonia. In 2007, a dangerous bacterium caused pneumonia in hundreds of residents of one of the Russian cities. 5 people died and 160 people were hospitalized. Let's look at how this or that temperature affects legionella:
- 70−80°C – the bacteria are completely destroyed;
- 66°C – the microbe dies in 2 minutes;
- 60°C – Legionella dies within 22 minutes;
- 55°C – it takes about 6 hours to destroy the microorganism;
- 20−45°C – the microbe actively reproduces;
- Below 20°C – freezing occurs.
The conclusion is obvious: safety can only be guaranteed by high water temperature. But one should also take into account the fact that the temperature at the place of consumption should be no more than 50 degrees, otherwise people will get burns. Therefore, the water should be diluted.
At certain hours, deviations from the norm are possible, but they can be insignificant and amount to no more than 3-5 degrees. Any violation should force you to address the problem, get the utility company to recalculate and correct the problem.
In some cases, the problem is solved by installing meters with temperature sensors, but this is not a prerequisite. The issue can be resolved in other ways. It is necessary to write a complaint demanding a recalculation of the cost of water. When the temperature of hot water does not reach 40 degrees, you need to pay the same amount for it as for cold water.
Permissible deviation of parameters
If the rules are violated, in order to write a complaint, you must refer to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of 2011. This decree “On the provision of public services to users and owners” specifies standards and important parameters.
How to test hot water?
Before filling out an application or writing a claim, it is necessary to understand whether the consumer is measuring the water temperature correctly. Violation of standards is a good reason for writing a statement or complaint, but let's figure out how to measure the temperature. Do not rush to request that a specialist be sent to the housing and communal services or management company. First, you need to measure your temperature yourself.
It is important to add that the results you get from measurements are not strong evidence for utilities. This is just a reason to call the appropriate services.
The algorithm of actions for measurements will be as follows:
- Open the faucet to allow the water to drain. It should take at least 3-5 minutes;
- Fill the container with water. This can be an ordinary glass jar that is filled to the brim;
- Dip the thermometer into water;
- Check the readings after 2-3 minutes.
Based on the measurements, the consumer takes action, contact the utility company with a request to send representatives and draw up a report, or not. The cost of water will be recalculated only after the corresponding act has been drawn up. Without this paper, it will be difficult to prove anything and force utility services to recalculate tariffs. One copy of the drawn up act must remain with the owner of the property. If he decides to write a complaint to the prosecutor's office, or draw up a statement of claim in court, the act will serve as evidence of correctness. Recalculation begins only from the moment the act is drawn up, so you need to hurry up and contact the services.
What to do if the water is not up to standard?
Once you have independently set the temperature indicators and are convinced that the water supply is in violation of the established standards, you should begin to act. To do this, you write an application to the management company. So, here is the algorithm of actions:
- Statement of violation. The consumer informs the emergency dispatch service that the service is provided without taking into account existing standards. This can be done orally or in writing. The consumer must provide his data and the exact address of the apartment. The dispatcher informs the citizen that his application has been registered under a certain number. The application indicates the consumer’s data and the exact time of application;
- If an emergency service employee knows what the violations are related to, he must report this and put a mark in the log where calls are recorded;
- If the dispatcher does not know the reason for the supply of water that does not meet the requirements, in this case he is obliged to agree with the consumer when the check will be carried out;
- The inspection ends with the drawing up of a report. This document is extremely important and must be preserved. 1 copy of the act remains with you, the executor keeps the second copy of the document for himself.
What water temperature in the sea or river is considered comfortable for children to swim in?
In summer, clear living water seems to be the only salvation from the heat. However, if you decide to spend time with your child on the shore of the sea or river, then you need to take into account many factors so that the child does not become hypothermic, carried away by water procedures. After all, the temperature in a natural body of water seems to be much lower than the temperature of water in a home bath.
Optimal water temperature for bathing babies:
- For a small bather whose water procedures are carried out in a warm bath (more than 30 degrees), a water temperature of 27-28 degrees will be comfortable. This temperature indicator will be as close as possible to the baby’s usual temperature.
- If the parents bathe the baby with water, the temperature of which drops below 30 degrees, then a comfortable water level in a natural body of water for the baby will be 24-25 degrees.
- However, the indicators described above are acceptable for bathing a seasoned child who has no health problems.
Optimal water temperature for bathing babies
How to measure water temperature. Aquarium
Those who like to breed fish also need to have a water thermometer.
They try to install it on a clean, flat surface, where it will be easy to observe the positions on the scale or on the demonstration screen. Typically, the temperature in an aquarium is measured in the middle layer of water, since that is where it is most accurate. Liquid devices based on colored alcohol are usually mounted inside the vessel. Such devices are inexpensive and are installed using a suction cup, but are characterized by increased fragility.
Electronic aquarium thermometers most often use the dependence of electrical resistance on temperature. The necessary information is displayed on the display. The battery needs to be changed periodically, and the device itself is quite expensive.
It is characterized by increased accuracy and can signal a critical temperature for aquarium inhabitants by emitting a special signal.
Sometimes the temperature in the aquarium is measured from outside. To do this, use a sticker with an indicator made of heat-sensitive paint. The physical essence of the measurement is simple: under the influence of heat, a specially selected substance changes color. The paint is applied to a flexible substrate made from polymers. It will be impossible to move such a thermometer to another place; measurements this way are not accurate enough. But it is impossible to break it, and gluing it to an uneven surface will not be difficult.
Mercury thermometers have traditionally been used to determine water temperature. However, the danger associated with liquid metal makes it increasingly necessary to abandon such a solution.
In the domestic sphere, and especially for children, mercury-free devices are definitely better than their classic counterparts.
Such models are available from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The price range is quite wide, and everyone can choose what fits into their personal budget.
A home hot water thermometer is often made with a remote sensor. This probe increases safety when working with the device. After all, there is no need to first immerse the meter in the liquid and then remove it. This device is also widely used in kitchens, where few people like the idea of “cooking a thermometer with food.” Thermometers with probes are widely sold in pharmacies.
In public utilities, a clip-on thermometer may be used on hot pipes in the house. The same devices are in demand when creating air conditioning systems. Such systems guarantee prompt and accurate tracking of the required parameters. They can be used on small diameter pipelines.
At what water temperature is it best for adults and children to swim, swim in the sea or river?
For a schoolchild, the optimal water temperature in the reservoir will be 22-23 degrees. Factors taken into account here include the child’s attendance at sports clubs and swimming pools.
If the water is cool, then the time spent in the reservoir must be reduced. The following indicates that the child urgently needs to go ashore:
- the appearance of mild chills
- blue lips
In order for the child to have time to fully warm up, it is necessary to increase the breaks between swims. The optimal period is at least 15-20 minutes.
- Parents should not forget about sunscreen. A child can dry under the sun without wiping off after bathing only if special protective agents are applied to the skin, because the risk of getting sunburned after water procedures increases.
- When swimming in ponds, adults can rely on their own feelings: the optimal temperature is the one at which swimming does not cause discomfort.
