Escalators and elevators are lifting equipment that can be used in residential and non-residential buildings to lift people and goods. If the installation of such equipment was initially provided for by the building design, you must contact Rostechnadzor for installation and commissioning. If the owner decides to install an elevator shaft or install escalators, such construction work will require obtaining design documentation and approval for reconstruction or redevelopment.
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Regulatory documents on elevators and escalators, how to coordinate, redevelopment or reconstruction - more details in the article.
What are the standards and requirements for escalators and elevators - SNIPs, SP
The safety parameters of elevators, as technically complex equipment, are provided for by technical regulations CU 011/2011. To use such equipment in Russia, you need to obtain a certificate of conformity with testing. Even more requirements are provided for the design of elevator and escalator platforms and shafts, installation, commissioning and operation of equipment. Let us highlight the main regulations that the owner, designer and contractor need to take into account:
- standard GOST R 54765-2011, which applies to escalators and special lifts for the disabled;
- GOST R 53780-2010, which stipulates safety requirements for elevators and their installation work;
- GOST R 55964-2014, which provides for safety requirements during operation. inspection and repair of elevator equipment;
- GOST R 55969-2014, used for putting elevators into operation.
Special sets of rules have also been developed for designing reconstruction or major repairs, carrying out construction and commissioning work. The main provisions in this area are provided for in the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (for example, the procedure for obtaining construction permits). Also, SP 54.13330.2016 is used for the design, construction and reconstruction of residential buildings (now construction rules are used instead of the previously valid SNiP). The corresponding joint ventures have been developed for various types of non-residential buildings (public, retail, social and other facilities).
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To commission an elevator, it is necessary to equip the shaft, install electrical and other equipment, and carry out commissioning work. If elevator shafts or escalator platforms are designed inside a building, in almost all cases it is necessary to obtain permission for reconstruction. This is due to the penetration of load-bearing structures, which can affect the stability of the object.
If load-bearing structures are not involved when carrying out load-bearing structures, you still need to order a project and coordinate the redevelopment of the building, since its characteristics change. To correctly determine the list of documents and the necessary approval procedures, please contact ]Smart Way[/anchor]. We specialize in design and other work in the real estate sector, and we will offer the most favorable terms of cooperation.
Download GOST R 54765-2011 GOST R 54765-2011
Download GOST R 53780-2010 GOST R 53780-2010
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Regulatory regulation of elevator replacement
Replacing an elevator and repairing it are regulated by civil and housing legislation. According to Art. 36 of the RF Housing Code, an elevator is considered common property of an apartment building.
According to Art. 39 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the owners of the property in the building where the elevator is operated are responsible for the condition of the elevator . But if the homeowners have entered into an agreement for elevator maintenance with the management company, then the responsibility for maintaining the elevator is transferred to the shoulders of the management company’s employees.
According to Art. 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the costs of replacing the elevator are included in the receipt for payment for housing and communal services . In this case, it does not matter whether the residential or non-residential premises use an elevator, and on which floor the apartment owners live.
The rules for operating elevators are separately prescribed by the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 011/2011 “Safety of Elevators”.
In addition, in 2021, the operation of elevators is carried out on the basis of the norms of Government Decree No. 743.
Elevator service life
Many residents do not know what the statutory deadlines for replacing elevators in residential buildings are. They do not know when to sound the alarm to replace the elevator in order to avoid emergencies.
An elevator is a dangerous mechanism that, if used incorrectly, can harm the health and lives of people using it.
If the cable on which the elevator moves breaks, the elevator will collapse into the shaft. If there are any people inside the cabin at this moment, they are in serious danger.
The passport of each elevator must reflect its maximum service life of the facility.
According to Art. 4 of the Technical Regulations, if the elevator passport does not indicate a special period for its trouble-free use, it is considered that the elevator can be operated for a maximum of 25 years.
The inspection of the lift will have to be carried out by a company that has special accreditation. Based on the results of each inspection, a report is drawn up, which specifies the future fate of the elevator: its repair, further use or replacement.
The examination carried out must be recorded in the lifting machine’s passport.
Many apartment buildings have two elevators: passenger and freight . This was done so that in the event of a breakdown, residents could use the second elevator option. And citizens who wanted to transport heavy objects: building materials, equipment, etc., did not use passenger elevators for these purposes.
Carrying a weight in an elevator that exceeds the established values leads to frequent breakdowns and increased wear.
When can you install an elevator or escalator?
The best option is to include work on the installation of elevators and escalators in the initial design documentation for the construction of the building. In this case, it is possible to foresee in advance where elevators or escalators, their shafts and platforms, and auxiliary equipment will be located. The location of the elevator shafts and their passage through the load-bearing floors will also be immediately provided by the designer.
It is more difficult to design an elevator or escalator into an existing building. In this case, it will inevitably be necessary to carry out construction work that directly or indirectly affects the characteristics of the object, its stability and load-bearing loads. Let us highlight a number of features associated with the decision to install an elevator or escalator in a building where this was not initially provided for by the project:
- for residential buildings, construction standards provide for elevator service if there are 6 floors or more, therefore, for buildings with fewer floors, such a decision can be made by the owners of the premises themselves (with payment at their own expense);
- for non-residential premises there are no clear requirements for the use of elevators and escalators, so this decision is made by the owner himself (for example, for a two-story shopping center, installing an elevator will be inappropriate, since stairs and an escalator are sufficient);
- any construction work should not lead to a deterioration in the strength and stability of the building, therefore designers and experts will make a conclusion about the permissibility of breaking through the ceilings.
It is possible to move the elevator shaft to the external walls of the building. However, in this case, the load on load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures increases. Therefore, for such work you will still have to obtain a project and undergo approvals.
Expert commentary . Almost all elevator equipment in Russia runs on electricity. Therefore, when making a decision, you need to obtain technical conditions on the possibility of increasing the power supply load, obtain permission to increase electricity limits, and install additional lines and networks. The designer must also take this into account when preparing documents. If general electrical networks do not allow connecting such powerful equipment, independent power supplies can be provided.
Escalator design diagram
What to do if the life of the elevator has expired
Typically, residents of apartment buildings learn about the end of the period when the elevator systems in the building are turned off. This provokes a wave of activity among users.
Because Responsibility for property (including common areas) lies with residential owners. areas, only they bear obligations for the maintenance and restoration of the housing stock, delegating authority to manage the management company or HOA.
Important! First, you need to find out the position of the management office regarding the modernization or replacement of structures. Situations often arise when funds for diagnostics and replacement of elevators are not provided for in the capital repair program for the building’s residential stock. Then the costs may fall on the shoulders of the owners of residential premises.
Issues regarding further maintenance of elevators may be put on the agenda at a general meeting of residents. At it, decisions are made on raising funds for modernization, allocating funding from a special account for the capital. repairs, etc.
The elevator is a common property, so the burden of expenses for its maintenance falls on the owners in proportion to the area of the apartment. In order to reduce repair and maintenance costs and avoid unexpected capital expenditures. repairs, residents should treat the operation of lifting structures with care and comply with the rules and regulations for their use.
How much usable space will an elevator or escalator take up?
When preparing a project for the installation of elevators and escalators, owners need to determine where the equipment will be located, the machine room (if any), the area of cabins and shafts, the locations of doors and escalator landings. The useful area of elevator cabins depends on their load capacity. For example, the minimum value for an elevator with a permitted load of up to 100 kg. is no more than 0.40 sq.m. Cabin area with load capacity up to 1000 kg. is no more than 2.40 sq.m.
In addition to the area of the elevator cabins themselves, it is necessary to take into account the placement of shafts, doors, and equipment. On average, one elevator shaft with all equipment occupies 5 sq.m. on every floor. If the installation of such equipment was not provided for by the project, the owner and designer will have to choose the optimal placement option so as not to impair the intended purpose of the premises and common areas.
Much more usable space will be occupied by escalators, which are located at a slope between floors. The slope angle should not exceed 30 degrees, and if the escalator height is over 10 m, additional intermediate support must be installed. Therefore, the size of the usable area that needs to be allocated for the escalator on each floor will depend on the slope and height.
Sample location of elevator and escalator in the project
Where is the best place to place them in the building? Advice from an architect
Determining the location of elevators and escalators depends on the characteristics of the building and its intended purpose:
- in residential buildings, elevators must have access to common areas, i.e. on staircases and inter-apartment landings (therefore, for MKZh there are not many options for designing elevators);
- since when installing an elevator, the usable area of shopping, business, public or social facilities is reduced slightly, convenience for visitors comes first (elevators can be located directly at the entrance, in places with the greatest concentration of visitors);
- since the platforms for escalators and the engine room take up a lot of space, they are often installed along the walls of the building, one under the other;
- If escalators are installed in the center of shopping or office centers, the area below them can be used for normal purposes with adequate safety.
Coordination of escalators and elevators
Commissioning of elevators and escalators is always carried out with approval through Rostechnadzor. All equipment must have certificates and passports, and each elevator and escalator is registered and entered into the federal register. It is also necessary to obtain approvals for design documentation for construction work. Depending on the type of impact on the building structure, redevelopment or reconstruction will have to be approved.
To break through ceilings, you will need to make an expert opinion on the admissibility of such measures
For any type of construction work you need to order design documentation. In most cases, to install elevators and escalators, it is necessary to make holes in the interfloor ceilings and walls on the floors. Such work can lead to changes in the permissible load and stability of the object, even if the floors and walls are not load-bearing structures.
An expert survey is required to verify load capacity calculations and structural strengthening measures. It involves an analysis of the original design and documentation for the planned construction work. Experts will also conduct a visual inspection of the structural elements, foundation and facades of the building, and make calculations about the permissibility of the work.
If the installation of elevator and escalator equipment is subject to reconstruction, passing a project examination is a prerequisite for issuing a construction permit. These works are carried out to change the main characteristics of the object and replace supporting structures. Therefore, only a positive expert opinion will give a definite answer as to whether it is possible to install elevators and escalators in this building.
Expert commentary . By ordering design services from ]Smart Way[/anchor], you will receive assistance in passing the project examination and obtaining the necessary approvals. The best option is to order a turnkey service, when our specialists will take on all the actions and formalities to legitimize reconstruction or other types of work.
Sample conclusion on the adaptation of two freight elevators
If the load-bearing capacity suffers when the ceiling is broken, we obtain permission for reconstruction
If the upcoming work involves impact on load-bearing floors and walls and poses a threat to the stability and strength of the building, it is necessary to obtain approval for the reconstruction. This procedure involves the following steps:
Is a major overhaul included?
In addition to replacing new equipment as part of a regional program, other options for financing activities are possible. Owners of residential premises in a high-rise building make monthly contributions for major repairs. This amount is accumulated in a special account and is subsequently spent on major work to restore common property.
Major repairs of an elevator in an apartment building are carried out on the basis of an inspection report. It must also record the fact that the lift cannot be used. Only in this case, replacement of the elevator is possible at the expense of contributions for major repairs. Moreover, the monthly amounts contributed by those who live on the lower floors of the apartment building are also taken into account.
As part of ongoing repairs
This type of work is aimed at maintaining a stationary lifting machine in working condition. If the elevator inspection report lists breakdowns and indicates incorrect operation of components, it is possible to replace individual elements of the mechanism. Current restoration measures imply the prompt restoration of transport if it suddenly breaks down.
Cost and time frame for obtaining permission for reconstruction
A permit for reconstruction is issued within 7 days if the state construction supervision specialists have no complaints about the submitted documentation. There is also no need to pay state fees for issuing permits. The costs of the building owner will include payment for the services of the design organization, for conducting an examination, and for preparing a technical plan.
The total period of reconstruction takes from 6 months, and the cost of producing project documentation starts from a million rubles.
What is the difference between replacement and upgrade
Monitoring compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations is one of the main tasks of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor).
Based on the results of inspections of elevators in terms of compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations, Rostechnadzor turned to the Government of the Russian Federation with proposals to improve the safety of elevator operation. Specialists of the supervisory authority, when checking elevator equipment, identified facts of substitution of concepts. In the apartment building, under the guise of replacing elevators, only their modernization was carried out, which required lower costs. At the same time, retaining some parts of the old elevator reduced its safety level.
According to the Rostechnadzor website, the Government of the Russian Federation held a meeting on this issue, the results of which are reflected in the letter of the Ministry of Construction dated January 29, 2018 No. 2695-NS/06.
The document clearly defines the term “modernization” and its differences from “replacement”. According to letter No. 2695-NS/06, regardless of the terminology included in the design documentation, the elevator is considered modernized if at least one old element remains after the repair.
What is the time frame for troubleshooting during unscheduled maintenance?
Cost and timing of building inspection
Without examining the building and its structures, it is impossible to prepare design documentation and make a decision on the possibility of installing elevators and escalators. The cost and timing of such examinations depend on many factors:
- on the type and purpose of the object (mkd, shopping center, production facility, etc.);
- on the characteristics of the building (for example, a different volume of surveys will be required for a building of 5 or 15 floors);
- from the content of the original design documentation.
The cost of the examination depends on many parameters - the fastest way to clarify all of them and determine the cost is by one of our phones or email.
By contacting us, you can count on the shortest possible time for examinations and paperwork, and favorable rates. You can clarify these questions by calling the numbers listed on the website or in any other possible way.
A service life limit has been set for passenger elevators
The standards prescribe the organization of emergency maintenance and technical inspection of elevators.
When the elevator is working, there is a real holiday in the house, which means mothers from the upper floors will go out with strollers for a walk. And Fomin, including eight-year-old Pasha, will not have to carry the canisters on themselves to the seventh floor. But this holiday happens rarely. Residents are trying to reach out to different authorities to understand what to do.
Where they borrow a lot, they pay on time. Collectors have compiled a map of Russians' debt burden. It turned out that residents of the Tyumen region, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug borrowed more than others from banks. For everyone, including old people and babies, it costs from 73 to 78 thousand rubles. But bankers are not worried. The delays are minor. 2-3 thousand per person. Liftek specialists are ready to perform both the full range of work and advise on specific issues of replacing or modernizing elevator equipment by calling +7 (495) 783 00 32.
Registration of changes in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (Rosreestr)
After completing the work and putting the equipment into operation, the owner must undergo cadastral registration. This is necessary to reflect the new characteristics of the object in the Unified State Register. To do this, you need to order a technical plan from a cadastral engineer and submit documents to Rosreestr or MFC. You can order an inspection of the facility with the production of a technical plan from our specialists. After registering the changes in Rosreestr, an extract from the Unified State Register will be issued confirming the legality of the reconstruction.
conclusions
The decision to install elevators and escalators in the building is made by the owner. However, to confirm that such work will not disrupt the stability of the facility or lead to the threat of collapse or damage, it is necessary to conduct structural surveys, prepare a design and undergo its examination, obtain construction and commissioning permits. It is also necessary to undergo inspections of elevator and escalator equipment through Rostekhnadzor.
Get an estimate of the cost of this service using our price calculator - here
You can order the entire design and approval cycle for the installation of elevators and escalators at ]Smart Way[/anchor]. We will provide support at all stages of the procedure and offer the most favorable terms of cooperation.
