How to determine the wear and tear of a house yourself when purchasing? Basic techniques

When constructing each building, not only the estimate is calculated, but also its operating time, in other words, wear and tear. This factor determines the service life of the brick. The degree of service life of each building is different and there is no average for everyone, this is a conditional measure. If the service life has expired, this does not mean that the building is not suitable for further use. The fact is that after this period the building loses some of its useful qualities, and with the use of some restoration operations it can remain standing for a long time.

Types and service life of a brick house

There are moral and physical. Physical wear and tear refers to the deterioration of buildings as a result of exposure to environmental factors such as rain, high temperature, wind, and sound waves. Moral is understood as the inconsistency of the building with modern requirements, for example, shortcomings in the engineering plan, design flaws.

The timing of wear is largely determined by the building material, type of foundation, and floors of the house. For example, with wooden floors, a building can last no more than 20 years, and with tin and metal floors - more than 100. This factor is also influenced by the type of construction. It follows from this that by 2021, most Khrushchev buildings will no longer be suitable for habitation.

What are the service life of buildings and structures?

What is meant by this definition? The time of use of any constructed object is considered to be a certain time period of safe use of knowledge or other construction structures to a state where its subsequent operation is impractical or unacceptable according to safety regulations. There are several types of construction projects (depending on the material of the walls): panel and monolithic buildings, brick, frame and wooden buildings, as well as construction projects made of timber, panels, foam blocks or panels.

• Walls and foundation: 100 - 150 years;
• Floors made of various materials: 70 - 150 years;
• Staircase structures: 80 - 100 years;
• Floor coverings: 80 - 100 years;
• Internal non-load-bearing foundations: 40 - 150 years;
• Load-bearing elements of various building structures: 100 - 150 years;
• Roofing coverings: 10 – 80 years;
• Door and window structures: 20 - 30 years;
• Sewage system: 30 years;
• Heating and ventilation systems: 30 years;
• Gas installations: 20 years;
• Freight elevators without a conductor: 20 years.
• Service life of interior and exterior finishing of buildings:
• External cladding of buildings: 125 years;
• Tiling: 60 - 75 years;
• Internal cladding of buildings: 40 years;
• Painting of structures: 20 – 45 years.

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How to evaluate wear?

The assessment is carried out based on a set of indicators, in percentage terms and reflects its degree. For example, buildings with a wear level of 10% and below are considered good, but if this level is 80%, then living in such a building is unacceptable. Wear is determined to a large extent visually and using some tests. During the evaluation process, relative data on further use time is provided.

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TechLib SPB UVT

After running-in under the payload, the structure enters a period of normal operation. During this period, it is necessary to comply with all operational requirements according to the maintainability criterion, only in this case the probability of failures will be consistently negligible, which is reflected in the life schedule. Failures during normal operation occur solely through the fault of operating organizations that do not comply with the requirements for the technical operation of buildings and structures.

All structures that have seasonal use (summer tents, pavilions, Christmas tree frames, etc.) have a standard durability of 5 years and should not be used after five seasons.

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How to increase the service life of a building?

The main way to increase the time of use of a building is to initially build it “conscientiously.” Correct design of the foundation, type of floor, its quality and materials that were used during construction. Therefore, it is so important to take into account all the nuances of construction, so that the issue of extending this period is postponed until the 10th anniversary, or even the 100th anniversary. Basically, to increase operational characteristics, it is worthwhile to restore the foundation, replace outdated wiring and water pipes, and install additional supports (if necessary). These operations are enough for a cottage, house or high-rise building to continue to exist for at least another 10-15 years.

Service life of buildings and structures

Durability is the ability of a construction project to maintain physical and other properties established during design and ensuring its normal operation during its design service life with proper maintenance;

Clause 3.2.3 of GOST R 54257-2021 establishes that the necessary measures to ensure the durability of structures and foundations of buildings and structures, taking into account the specific operating conditions of the designed objects, as well as their estimated service life, must be determined by the general designer in agreement with the customer.

Service life of a brick apartment building



Standard service life of residential high-rise buildings. Houses of different types have different service life, ranging from 50 years to 150. Let’s see which houses “live” for how long.

• Panel “Khrushchev” buildings built in the 50s–70s of the 20th century are of much worse quality and are designed to last only 50 years. According to all standards, they should be demolished between 2005 and 2020. They are not subject to reconstruction.
• Brick five-story buildings of the same construction period have a service and maintenance repairs of the housing stock are planned for 2015–2030 .
• Panel and block high-rise buildings of 9–16 floors, built before 1980, last 100 years without reconstruction and should be demolished in 2055–2080.
• More modern panel houses built before 1998 are also not subject to reconstruction, and will be dismantled in 2070–2105.

Operation of housing stock for which major repairs have come due.

If the life of the house is approaching the time of major repairs (or reconstruction, which is more correct, since the wear and tear of buildings by that time is very high), then the management organization begins the repair process. This event lasts a long time, taking from six months to three years (in some cases). The degree of physical deterioration of the building is preliminarily assessed in order to decide to what extent to carry out repairs. The condition of a residential building is considered satisfactory if by the time of major repairs the physical wear and tear is no more than 30%. If the percentage is higher, then they say that the condition of the house is not entirely satisfactory, unsatisfactory and dilapidated. A house is considered uninhabitable (unsafe) only if there is 75% physical wear and tear and there is a threat of collapse. Then a decision is made to resettle the residents and demolish the house. This decision is made on the basis of an application from the homeowner or the organization responsible for the material and technical condition of the house. If the commission decides that the housing is safe for life, resettlement may not take place even if there is great physical wear and tear, although the housing will be classified as dilapidated. In this case, a decision may be made to reconstruct the house.

Resettlement of an emergency house

Residents of emergency houses that are subject to resettlement are assigned to live in newly built houses that have been put into operation under the state program. Putting a residential building into operation is a long process that takes from three months to a year. Therefore, even if a new house has already been built, it is quite possible that relocation may not occur immediately.

It should also be taken into account that the Moscow program for relocation from dilapidated housing does not cover all houses for which restoration/demolition has come due, so the process of relocation to new housing may take several years.

According to the amendment introduced to the Housing Code, the resettlement of city residents from emergency housing can also be carried out to houses outside the city, since the resettlement program does not fall into the category of improving living conditions, but is a forced measure to provide housing. In addition, the number of rooms may not coincide, since the main guideline in this matter is the area of ​​​​the room, not residential, but general. Thus, it is impossible to predict the quality of new housing, whether it will improve or worsen - everything depends on the availability of available housing stock.

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If the quality of housing is not satisfactory

If the quality or location of the housing provided does not satisfy the apartment owners, then they may be paid the cost of the old apartment plus the costs of moving, independently searching for housing and paperwork. If the amount is not satisfactory, then an appeal should be made to the court, where the plaintiff is the body responsible for resettlement. The court decides how much to pay the intractable owner.

Svetlana Gulyukina, head of the marketing and advertising department of Rezidential Group, answers:

The service life of houses built using panel technology is about 50-75 years. At the same time, in addition to the physical wear and tear of the panels themselves as structural elements, the service life of the interpanel seams is also important. In most cases it is about 30-40 years. Therefore, despite the good condition of the load-bearing elements, in many houses of industrial Soviet housing construction it was necessary to repair the seams.

If we talk about today, the share of “panels” in the market of new buildings is no more than 5%. But due to the fact that most of these houses belong to the “economy” segment, the demand for apartments in them remains quite stable.

Most of the objects that are currently being built or will be built in the near future are monolithic residential buildings. They have higher strength, good sound insulation and enable architects to bring original ideas to life. The service life of such buildings is 120-140 years. In fact, it depends on the materials used to design the facades.

Dictionary of new buildings

Panel? Monolith? Brick?

Standard service life of residential buildings

This indicator means the time of economically feasible operation of the building and is a rather conventional concept. In fact, by the end of this period, most of the important components of the building do not exhaust their strength reserves, so they can be safely used for a considerable time.

During operation, ongoing preventive maintenance is constantly carried out (i.e., pre-planned in terms of location, cost and volume), and, if necessary, unforeseen repairs of some systems and structures of the house.

Building structures are exposed not only to force from the load, but also to the aggressive influence of the external environment - a variety of corrosion, from which the structure must be protected.

With proper repairs, buildings can last much longer, but in the first years after major repairs, the structure must be carefully monitored.

When determining the service life of a structure as a whole, the average standard indicator of failure-free service is taken for its main structural elements - the foundation, self-supporting and load-bearing walls, columns.

Standard average service life of civil buildings

Standard service life is quite conditional. This is evidenced by a comparison of the regulatory deadlines adopted in different countries for the same structures. For example, the design life of concrete and reinforced concrete foundations is 150 years in Hungary and Belgium, 100 years in France, 80 years in Sweden, 60 years in England.

The shares of the replacement cost of individual elements and systems in the total replacement cost of the building are taken according to the approved aggregate indicators of the replacement cost of buildings (RUVS), and the shares of elements and systems that do not have approved RUVS - according to their estimated cost.

Best before date

These indicators are different for different types of residential buildings:

1. Houses of the Soviet period:
   Pre-war Stalin buildings - 125;
2. “Stalins” of post-war construction -150;
3. "Khrushchev" panel type - 50;
4. Brick 4-5 storey houses - 100;
5. Panel and block 9-16 storeys – 100.
6. Modern buildings:

Reinforced concrete houses are very sensitive to the timing of major repairs. Those. done at the right time and in the required volumes, it can significantly extend the life of the home. However, if repairs are needed, but for some reason are not carried out, then the buildings begin to rapidly wear out, and after some time the repairs become impractical.

Real service life of a brick house

There are many examples of the long service life of brick. Some of them are churches, factories, fortresses and castles, but ordinary residential buildings have also been preserved. For example, in Moscow there is a brick mansion called the Golitsyn Chamber, which was built in the 17th century. The building is listed as an architectural monument, but is still used as a residential building.

Golitsyn chambers. This house is more than three hundred years old. In Soviet times, architects became more modest - no one thought 300 years ahead. The “Stalin buildings” of the post-war period are designed to last 150 years - they are planned to be demolished in 2095-2105. Brick buildings from the Khrushchev era - for 50-70 years. Khrushchev houses were built mainly from sand-lime bricks. Modern brick houses are built with a reserve of 100-150 years. For a private cottage, the service life can be even longer - country housing has fewer floors, it is easier to comply with operating conditions, and accidents occur less often.

Types of residential apartment buildings

According to the level of capital, residential buildings are classified according to the material used to manufacture the main (non-replacement) elements (foundation, walls/floor columns) and are divided into 5 groups, each of which has its own service life:

1. 150 years for especially capital stone buildings with stone/concrete foundations, brick, monolithic and large-block walls and reinforced concrete floors.
2. 125 ice for ordinary stone buildings with stone foundations, brick, large-block and large-panel walls, mixed or reinforced concrete floors, stone on metal beams.
3. 100 years in the case of lightweight stone buildings with stone and concrete foundations, lightweight construction of walls made of brick, cinder blocks, etc., floors made of reinforced concrete, wood or stone on metal beams.
4. 30 years if the buildings are prefabricated panel, frame, adobe, wood-stone foundations, frame walls, wooden floors.
5. 15 years for extremely light residential buildings made of boards and similar low-strength materials.

The service life of individual parts of the building varies depending on the material of manufacture and ranges from:

• Roofing 8-25 years.
• Floors 15 – 60 years.

When exposed to an aggressive external environment, this period is reduced by 2-3 times.

What is the service life of a building, what does it depend on? How to determine the shelf life of a panel and other house?

For any house built from panels or bricks, standards have been developed by which one can judge the approximate period of their use. Why exemplary? Because the lifespan of a structure depends on how it was operated, whether major repairs were applied, etc.

There are also cases when a house built 2-3 years ago is in a deplorable condition, but a panel structure of 9 floors is still in fairly good condition.

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Wear and tear of buildings

Regardless of the class and degree of capital, all buildings are subject to wear and tear over time.

Physical

Physical wear and tear means that, under the influence of natural factors, a building gradually loses some of its original physical properties and characteristics. The specific degree of wear varies depending on the characteristics of the materials, the design of the building, and the features of its location, incl. climatic and operating conditions.

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Moral

Obsolescence arises due to gradual technological development in society and is defined as a discrepancy in functional purpose.

Signs of obsolescence of a building:

1. The layout of the apartments does not meet modern requirements.
2. Engineering equipment systems are outdated.
3. Excessive building and settlement density.
4. Insufficient landscaping and landscaping.

The first type of obsolescence is determined by a decrease in the price of a building in comparison with the time of its construction due to the simplification, and therefore reduction in cost, of the construction process, as well as due to the construction of more modern housing. Accordingly, it is necessary to periodically re-evaluate the housing stock.

The second type determines the obsolescence of the building and its constituent elements in relation to the currently existing requirements for space-planning, sanitary-hygienic and other solutions, landscaping, landscaping, etc.

Construction pricing reform should have been completed 1011 days ago

Rattle, quote in message No. 4 - from the time of Tsar Gorokh (order of the State Construction Committee, the text of which was updated in 2021). Chapter II. I don’t know what the status of this order is today. There is probably something newer.

I didn’t understand you. Did you look at that document? It contains, for example, this: STANDARD SERVICE LIFE OF BUILDINGS 1. General provisions 1. Standard average service life of residential buildings, their structural elements, building decoration and engineering equipment are established depending on the material of the main structures (foundations, walls and ceilings) for six groups and are shown in table. 1. and so on

Assessment of the condition of a residential building

According to the degree of wear, the condition is understood as:

• Good - less than 10% wear.
• Quite satisfactory - 11-20%.
• Satisfactory - 21-30%.
• Not quite satisfactory - 31-40%.
• Unsatisfactory - 41-60%.
• Dilapidated - 61-80%.
• Unsuitable for life - above 80%.

The rate of wear is influenced by:

• quality of materials used for construction;
• frequency and quality of repair work performed;
• operating features;
• feasibility and adequacy of design solutions in the process of major repairs;
• the time during which the building was not used (if there are such periods);
• degree of occupancy.

Appendix 20

3. These average service lives of residential and public buildings, their structural elements, building decoration and equipment are established taking into account the fact that during the operation of buildings, planned maintenance must be carried out periodically within strictly established periods and in accordance with the list of main works related to the current repair of residential and public buildings given in Chapter IV.

lightweight stone masonry made of brick, cinder blocks or shell rock on a complex or lime mortar, reinforced concrete or brick columns or pillars (wooden floors, unlike the three previous types of buildings)

The walls in a brick house are freezing - what to do?

Freezing is the result of a violation of the wall construction technology, when through voids remain, the seam is not airtight enough, or the mortar has been compromised. The problem is solved by completely thermally insulating the house. Sometimes spot incomplete insulation of corners or sections of the wall is enough.

1. When cracks or deformation are visible in the wall, you can use polyurethane foam. It will prevent cold air and moisture from entering the wall structure.
2. You can insulate a brick multi-storey building with “warm” plaster. A good option if freezing is not severe. In case of serious problems, it is necessary to apply a heat-insulating layer over all surfaces in a monolithic layer.

Determining the wear and tear of a property

Effective age (EA) is calculated based on the chronological age of the building, taking into account its technical condition and the economic factors prevailing on the date of assessment that affect the value of the assessed object. Depending on the operating characteristics of the building, the effective age may differ from the chronological age up or down. In the case of normal (typical) operation of a building, the effective age is usually equal to the chronological age.

Example.

It is necessary to assess external wear and tear caused by a decrease in the investment attractiveness of an office building due to the establishment of a clothing or food market in its immediate vicinity. Let a pair sale of objects A and B of a similar purpose be identified on the real estate market. The cost of land in this area is 30% of the total cost of a typical property.

How to build a brick house?

It is problematic to build a house with your own hands if you do not know all the intricacies of construction. Finished beautiful brick houses will last a long time, provided that they are constructed correctly: a properly poured foundation, a well-thought-out issue of water drainage, and insulation of walls from moisture. It is important to carefully think through your home project, take care of purchasing quality materials, familiarize yourself with the existing nuances, and only then get down to business.

Foundation for a brick house

A strip foundation is a shallow cement belt on a sand cushion - a budget option. Slab will cost more, but it is considered the most durable. Pile is the golden mean.

1. On sandy soil, a strip foundation is better; on problem soils, it is worth choosing a solid slab foundation, and pile foundations are suitable for any soil.
2. You can build a brick multi-story building on a pile foundation, but without a basement. On a strip foundation it will be possible to build a brick house no higher than the second floor; a slab foundation allows for a larger load, but the shape of the house will be square.

Roof on a brick house

For any building, the type of roof is determined by several factors: characteristic precipitation, design and wall material.

1. For areas with heavy rainfall, the roof slope is at least 45°; for dry areas, this value may be less. If the winds blow strongly and often, a slope of 30° will be optimal.
2. The first parameter determines the type of roof itself. It is better to lay flat roofs with roll materials. If the angle is about 15°, piece elements will do. Slate or tiles are good for roofs with a slope of 25°.
3. The design of a one-story brick house may have features that affect the type of roof. If you plan to make an attic, the optimal slope is in the range of 38°-45°; a slope less than 30° is only suitable for an attic.
4. It is important that the contact points between the brick and the wood from which the rafters and mauerlat are made are well waterproofed. Otherwise, condensation will accumulate and the constantly wet wood will begin to rot.

Correct installation of plastic windows in a brick house

Preservation of heat and the ability to avoid dampness in the room largely depend on a competent approach to installing windows. The technology for installing plastic windows in a brick house has some features.

1. The main difference between a brick house is the width of the slopes. We will have to look for the optimal solution for the location of the profile. The wide window sill has a depth of more than 40 cm.
2. As a result, the profile should be correctly positioned in the wide opening. Often, installers suggest installing a window closer to the outside wall in order to get a wide window sill inside the apartment and not spoil the appearance of the building. However, this leads to the release of thermal heat onto the slopes. If you place the profile closer to the inside, the window sill will be too narrow. It is optimal to choose the middle of the opening.
3. Due to the nature of the opening, more foam and other installation materials are always required, which makes the installation cost about 20% more expensive compared to panel houses.

Insulation of a brick house

Insulation of a brick house from the outside is considered optimal and recommended. For a comfortable living space, the wall thickness should be approximately 3 m. It is difficult to achieve this, and it is not necessary, because the insulation will cope with the task with a smaller thickness. Insulating a brick house from the inside is undesirable, since temperature changes lead to the formation of condensation in the walls.

1. Ecowool and mineral wool have similar properties. They are affordable from a price point of view and are fixed to the facade easily and quickly. Impregnation will eliminate problems with fungus and rot.
2. Polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam and penoizol are considered more effective. They are tighter and easier to attach. Additional insulation will be provided by special paint and plaster.

Interior decoration of a brick house

Wall decoration will require leveling the surface. There are two ways to achieve the desired result.

1. Drywall has become an incredibly popular type of finishing, both rough and decorative. A flat surface is achieved without the use of technologies that require water, and this significantly speeds up the work. If there is a two-story brick house with an attic, sheets of plasterboard will perfectly block all communications.
2. When the decision is made to cover the walls with heavy textured wallpaper, it makes sense to give preference to plaster. If you want to decorate a brick house with your own hands, you can use the original method of painting the wall without additional separation in order to preserve the texture of the masonry.

Service life of a panel house: it all depends on the date of construction

The beginning of mass panel construction was the construction of the so-called “Khrushchev” buildings in the late 50s of the last century. They were built from lightweight thin-walled panels, thanks to which material costs were significantly reduced. Such buildings were designed for approximately 40-50 years of operation. However, according to preliminary estimates, the lifespan of panel houses of this type will be 10-15 years longer than expected. For similar buildings built somewhat later, the service life will last approximately 100-120 years.

At one time, panel houses became a real breakthrough in the field of housing construction. The technology of their construction made it possible to provide citizens with separate apartments with minimal expenditure of time, material and labor resources. There were several variants of such buildings and many series that differed in architectural and design solutions. Therefore, the service life of a panel apartment building depends on the nuances of construction and the year of commissioning of the facility. In addition, the conditions of maintenance and use of the building for its intended purpose are also important.

Percentage of wear and tear of a brick house by year

The lifespan of a panel house is limited in time (only 50 years) and depends on compliance with the deadlines for major repairs. And the house is not being renovated. Repairing a single apartment does not affect the condition of the house in any way. The building is deteriorating, the market value of apartments in it is falling uncontrollably, it is gradually turning into a slum along with the same houses surrounding it. The cost of utilities is rising, approaching the market price of energy. And more and more energy resources are required, since the condition of the enclosing structures, which were not initially designed to save resources, is deteriorating every year. The apartment begins to consume more and more money and at some point it becomes clear that its market value is completely eaten up in a few years by the size of the payment for heat, water, electricity, and even those supplied intermittently.

Service life of a panel apartment building: according to standards in accordance with GOST

Some of the panels last 50 years, some have a lifespan of 100 years, there are buildings made of panels, and their outer walls are brick. Their term is 150 years. Much depends on the series of the house. The service life of modern panel houses is 100–120 years. Also an important factor is carrying out major repairs. It is believed that it should be done after 20–25 years of operation.

Someone has the opportunity to purchase housing in new buildings, and this is a good purchase, because modern houses are very comfortable, with a good layout, and convenient. Of course, there is no need to compare them with the five-story buildings of Khrushchev's time. Nevertheless, panel houses remain in demand on the secondary market.

Dilapidated house what percentage of wear and tear

And if this figure reaches 40 or more, the house is considered dilapidated. When the percentage of wear and tear is much higher, the building claims emergency status. What is dilapidated housing? Difference from emergency housing. Recognition of a house as an emergency percentage of wear and tear. The basis for recognizing a residential premises as unfit for habitation is the presence of identified harmful factors in the human environment that are not The percentage of wear and tear of a house may be above 70, but it is not considered unsafe if a danger to life is not established. In order for housing to be recognized as dilapidated, it is necessary to obtain document from the BTI on the degree of deterioration of the building. - buildings of multi-apartment residential buildings in order to determine the actual percentage of physical deterioration, determine the need for major repairs or recognize the house as dilapidated and subject to demolition in the zone of probable destruction in the event of man-made accidents, determined by the authorized federal executive body. In order to classify a property as dilapidated, it is necessary to determine the degree of its wear and tear. However, calculating the percentage of wear and tear. The physical wear and tear of a residential building determines the type, volume and costs of major repairs. An assessment of the condition of the building depending on the general physical wear and tear is presented in Table. 1. Dilapidated. Determination of the percentage of physical wear and tear. Wear of fittings. What is “dilapidated housing”? Our house is dilapidated, as they explained to me due to the fact that the wear and tear of its structures is more than 70, but) wooden houses and houses with walls made of local materials, as well as attics with physical wear and tear of over 65 percent. “Housing is considered dilapidated if its wear and tear is over 66 percent for wooden houses and over 70 percent for stone houses,” explains Margarita Mustafaeva. Housing can be classified as dilapidated if the wear and tear of its structures is: more than 70 for stone, brick and prefabricated buildings more than 65 for wooden houses, attics and buildings 1. This “Methodology for determining the physical wear and tear of civil buildings” is introduced to replace the “Tables of characteristics for determining the percentage of wear and tear” parts of buildings and elements of improvement" (instructions of the GUKH NKVD PSFSP on the inventory of utilities. Old house - which housing is considered unsafe and which is dilapidated? wooden houses and houses with walls made of local materials, as well as attics with physical wear and tear of over 65 percent. At the same time At the time, the housing inspectorate reports that as of 2005, the physical wear and tear of the house is 64 and the condition category is indicated as “dilapidated.” Of course, such a percentage was rarely determined, but then this threshold was completely abolished so that there was no temptation.—Housing is considered dilapidated , the wear and tear of which is over 66 percent for wooden houses and over 70 percent for stone ones, explains Margarita Mustafaeva. the location of the house in the zone of probable destruction in the event of man-made accidents, determined by the authorized federal executive body. In order to classify a property as dilapidated, it is necessary to determine the degree of its wear and tear. However, calculating the percentage of wear and tear 2 How to find out the degree of wear and tear of a building 4 What is the difference between an emergency and a dilapidated house What percentage of wear and tear depends on the material of construction of the house Which houses are considered emergency? Dilapidated housing includes: wooden houses, in which the percentage of wear and tear is 65 stone houses with a percentage of wear and tear, components 70. Dilapidated residential buildings include: a) prefabricated, brick and stone houses with physical wear and tear of over 70 percent; b) wooden houses and houses with walls made of local materials, as well as attics with physical wear and tear of over 65 percent. In this case, the main criterion influencing the final conclusion is not the overall percentage of wear and tear of the object’s load-bearing structures, but dilapidated housing. The main difference between dilapidated and dilapidated houses is the relative safety of living, since the latter do not threaten residents. The procedure for recognizing housing as dilapidated. How to achieve relocation from emergency and dilapidated housing. Recognition of a house as unsafe. The law on maternity capital does not determine the percentage of depreciation of housing. The maximum physical deterioration of a building according to the “Regulations on the procedure for resolving issues of demolition of residential buildings during the reconstruction and development of cities,” approved by the USSR State Construction Committee, is 70. Dilapidated. The higher the percentage of wear and tear, the more unsuitable the room is for living. What is the procedure for recognizing housing as dilapidated? Houses with signs of physical deterioration of the entire building and structural parts, as well as buildings after accidents, fires, explosions, are subject to demolition. That is, a commission of specialists must check the technical condition of the house, give an opinion on the percentage of its wear, and also determine whether it is dilapidated or not. What is dilapidated housing? Difference from emergency housing. What year of construction is the house considered dilapidated? Resettlement of dilapidated and dilapidated housing (federal resettlement program). What does the legislation say about the demolition of dilapidated and dilapidated housing? 5. Dilapidated residential buildings include: a) prefabricated, brick and stone houses with physical wear and tear of over 70 percent; b) wooden houses and houses with walls made of local materials, as well as attics with physical wear and tear of over 65 percent. - Housing, the wear and tear of which is over 65 for wooden houses and over 70 for stone houses, is considered dilapidated. But if the house is on a foundation, the walls and roof are still quite strong, and the communications cope with the tasks assigned to them. Well, that’s how they define it, I’ll give a short excerpt: “To determine the degree of wear and tear of the house and the type of repair, it is necessary to carefully inspect first the foundation, and then the basement part walls, floors, windows, doors Dilapidated residential buildings include: prefabricated, brick and stone houses with a physical wear of over 70; wooden houses and houses with walls made of local materials, as well as attics with a physical wear of over 65.

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Service life of buildings depending on capital group

Name of objects Approximate service life Temporary buildings and structures (houses for construction workers and shift personnel, temporary warehouses, summer pavilions, etc.) 10 years Structures operated in highly aggressive environments (vessels and tanks, pipelines of oil refining, gas and chemical industries , structures in the marine environment, etc.) At least 25 years Buildings and structures of mass construction under normal operating conditions (buildings of civil and industrial construction) At least 50 years Unique buildings and structures (buildings of major museums, repositories of national and cultural property, works of monumental art, stadiums, theaters, buildings over 75 m high, long-span structures, etc.) 100 years or more

9.1. Depending on the level of responsibility of structures, characterized by the social, environmental and economic consequences of their damage and destruction, during design it is necessary to use reliability coefficients for responsibility, the minimum values ​​of which are given in Table 2. Note. Responsibility levels 1a and 1b correspond to the “increased” level of responsibility, responsibility levels 2 and 3 correspond to the “normal” and “reduced” levels according to the classification of the Technical Regulations on the safety of buildings and structures [1].

Tip 1: How to determine the degree of wear and tear on your home yourself

Sellers of real estate, be it a private house or an apartment in a multi-storey building, often carry out minor surface finishing work before selling to hide significant damage to walls, floors or ceilings. For example, cracks are sealed with thick wallpaper or rubbed over with low-quality building mixtures, plumbing systems, water pipes and heating sections are painted to hide damage, etc. Such “finishing” work hides damage and subsequently inattentive buyers are forced to replace, repair, and in difficult cases, spend money on purchasing another living space. Professionals pay much more attention to the inspection of a building; only they can find damage where a person without experience would not think to look for it. The assessment of the deterioration of buildings is carried out by real estate examination services, where you can order a specialist to visit the inspection site at a time convenient for the client.

— The appearance of the facade and interior spaces - the absence of cracks, slab discrepancies and wall curvatures increases the performance of the building. Their presence directly indicates the emergency condition of the house and its foundation, increases the risk of failure of the ceilings and their complete collapse.

Standard average service life of a building

The actual service life of a building and structure will depend on the design of the building, on the materials used in its construction, on operating conditions (temperature and humidity conditions, temperature changes, dynamic loads, quality of maintenance and repairs, etc.).

When designing a building, all its supporting structures are calculated based on the total service life of the entire building. Thus, the planned service life of a building depends on the service life of the main load-bearing structures: foundation, frame, load-bearing walls, floors and coverings, connections.

What is the service life of today's new buildings?

The average service life of any residential buildings, including new buildings, is determined by official standards, according to which high-rise apartment buildings “live” from approximately 70 to 150 years.

Each type of house construction is allocated an approximate period of operation: panel and block houses last about 75 years, brick ones - about 100 years, and monolithic ones, which are reasonably considered the most durable, last an average of 150 years.

According to our data, in July 2021, construction of 59 monolithic and 38 panel houses was underway in the mass segment in Moscow. Thus, of the 97 economy-class residential complexes under construction, 60% have every chance of lasting 150 years, and 40% can last from 70 to 100 years.

Almost all projects in the business and luxury class segments are built using high-quality monolithic materials, so the forecasts for their service life are the most optimistic: they can last even more than 150 years.

You need to understand that these are only approximate estimates: in reality, the durability of a house is determined by the quality of materials and the regularity of repairs. Also, do not underestimate the impact of the method of operation, because dangerous repair work can lead to the collapse of the entire building.

Each residential building must be repaired preventively; for this, it is periodically inspected, as a result of which the percentage of wear and tear is determined. The condition of all structural elements is analyzed: foundation, floors, interfloor stairs, roofing, etc. If the degree of wear and tear reaches 80%, then the building is considered unfit for habitation.

Therefore, the fate of each new building that is currently under construction will be determined individually.

7 main differences between new buildings of different classes

How do developers choose what to build and where?

In addition to physical unfitness, there is also moral unfitness. An old house may be in good working order, but at the same time no longer meet modern requirements for comfort and improvement.

This happened with some Khrushchev-era apartment buildings, which were formally still suitable for habitation, but were far behind urban development, had a terrible appearance and inconvenient apartment layouts. But new buildings now look much better - both in aesthetic and functional terms.

We can assume that they are not at risk of premature aging, and most of them will serve as expected. Only a few residential complexes are at risk.

Since 2021, the Moscow City Hall has imposed a ban on the construction of panel houses of old series, however, some developers of current new buildings managed to start building their projects using outdated series at a time when they were still permitted. Most likely, the service life of such houses will not exceed 50 years.

Svetlana Gulyukina, head of the marketing and advertising department of Rezidential Group, answers:

The service life of houses built using panel technology is about 50-75 years.

At the same time, in addition to the physical wear and tear of the panels themselves as structural elements, the service life of the interpanel seams is also important. In most cases it is about 30-40 years.

Therefore, despite the good condition of the load-bearing elements, in many houses of industrial Soviet housing construction it was necessary to repair the seams.

If we talk about today, the share of “panels” in the market of new buildings is no more than 5%. But due to the fact that most of these houses belong to the “economy” segment, the demand for apartments in them remains quite stable.

Most of the objects that are currently being built or will be built in the near future are monolithic residential buildings. They have higher strength, good sound insulation and enable architects to bring original ideas to life. The service life of such buildings is 120-140 years. In fact, it depends on the materials used to design the facades.

Dictionary of new buildings

Panel? Monolith? Brick?

Managing partner of Gravion Group Yuri Nemanezhin answers:

The service life of modern houses, regardless of their construction technology, that is, whether it is a monolith, brick or panel, is about 100 years.

However, here it is necessary to understand that everything depends on what material is used during construction, and how well the builders themselves work, since another monolithic house may crack already at the commissioning stage.

For example, there was a case when a construction organization poured a foundation in unfavorable weather conditions without complying with technical standards. Later during construction, the foundation of the house burst, and the developer had to stop construction and urgently take measures to eliminate the consequences.

As for panel houses, today the quality of the modules produced is quite high and meets all existing requirements. The only question is that the seams between the panels are carefully sealed with high-quality materials. Also, in the future, the façade of the building must be maintained in proper condition. If these simple rules are followed, the house will stand long and strong.

The director of FRK "ETAZHI-Krasnodar" Vadim Kamalov answers:

The strength and durability of a house depends on the building materials from which it is built. Service life for various building materials is provided for by GOSTs and SNIPs; they are typically measured by frost resistance cycles.

Frost resistance is the ability of a material to withstand alternate freezing and thawing in a water-saturated state. This indicator is measured in cycles, and a cycle conventionally denotes a calendar year.

During standard tests, the product is immersed in water for 8 hours, then placed in the freezer for 8 hours (this is one cycle). And so on until the material begins to change its characteristics (weight, strength, etc.).

Considering that builders now use building materials with frost resistance of at least 25 cycles and use protection for building facades, due to which the dew point shifts, we can safely say that the service life of modern buildings is at least 70-100 years.

Answered by the commercial director of SDI Group, developer of the Accord residential complex project. Smart-quarter" Maxim Kavariants:

The service life of residential buildings depends on the materials from which they are built. For example, a modern panel house has an average service life of 50-75 years. Brick and monolithic houses can last up to 200 years, while it is quite possible that monolithic buildings will last for about a century without major repairs.

However, it should be taken into account that any building, especially residential, needs careful operation and without major repairs of the house, its service life will be directly proportional to the reduction: the longer the house stands without the necessary repairs, the shorter its “life cycle” will be.

If we take into account that the main technology for constructing residential buildings in the capital region is monolithic construction, then the aging of the housing stock will occur much more slowly.

Modern panel houses are built using improved technology and therefore also have a good safety margin, which, with proper operation and timely repairs, including replacement of utility networks, can be increased to a hundred years.

Text prepared by Maria Gureeva

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Do not miss:

All materials in the “Good Question” section

Everything you need to do before buying an apartment under DDU

5 advantages of panel new buildings

5 signs that a new building has become a long-term construction

The articles do not constitute legal advice. Any recommendations are the private opinion of the authors and invited experts.

Crack in the wall of a brick house - what to do?

The occurrence of such problems is a consequence of the lack of bond between the bricks during the installation; a crack occurs when the foundation settles and the masonry technology is violated. A radical solution would be to screed the house with metal structures. When the thickness of the walls in a brick house is large and there are only thin cracks, you can repair them.

1. Very small cracks up to 1 mm are puttied, and cracks up to 1 cm can be sealed with cement-sand mortar.
2. Polyurethane foam will cope with more serious cracks; after foaming, the wall is puttied.

Which brick to choose for your home?

Before purchasing building materials, refer to the project and calculate the required quantity.

1. Ordinary solid brick
   is intended for the construction of columns or vaults, and can be used as the basis of masonry. Needs additional cladding or plastering.



2. Hollow brick
   has through or non-through holes. It reduces construction costs, is the best in terms of thermal insulation, and the load on the foundation is significantly reduced.



3. Facing brick
   has increased strength and decorative qualities. It is used for exterior wall decoration in order to increase its strength and resistance to external factors.



4. Glazed brick
   is used to decorate fireplaces or stoves in the house. It has a non-standard shape, therefore it is used to decorate arches or other architectural features.



5. Clinker
   is suitable for the most difficult climatic conditions, temperature changes and even heating from the stove.



6. Fireclay brick
   is suitable for a chimney. It can withstand high temperatures and is durable. It is distinguished by a characteristic yellowish tint of sand.



7. 
   It is worth choosing porous brick It is much more profitable in terms of price, because the blocks are much larger in size and environmentally friendly.