How to install a children's playground in the courtyard of a multi-story building?
The safety of playgrounds is of concern to parents and the organizations that install them. But they rarely follow the installation rules. If there is no place for games in the courtyard of an apartment building, then interested parties need to take the initiative and start construction themselves.
Important! A children's playground in the courtyard of a multi-storey building should be initially included in the project.
But usually they either forget about it, or it does not comply with established norms and rules. If residents are engaged in construction, then it is important for them not to forget the legal requirements for such structures. First you need to study the following regulations:
- SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1076-01;
- RF GD dated December 26, 2014 No. 1521;
- SP 42.13330.2016.
Residents of the house follow the standard procedure:
- hold a meeting;
- determine the estimate;
- prepare a project;
- get permission.
The initiative group submits an application for installation along with a pre-developed project. The design must be safe. If it quickly undergoes deformation or is made of low-quality materials, it cannot be installed.
GOST standards for children's playground equipment: what standards must be observed
Do not use flammable material. Only those materials that have already been sufficiently studied can be used.
Those materials that are based on matter must be marked indicating their service life.
Metal structures must have a non-toxic coating. Equipment for construction is selected that corresponds to the age group of children. All structures must be stable, strong, and rigidly fixed. It is prohibited to use fasteners with sharp corners or rough surfaces that lead to injury.
GOST requirements At the moment, the main standard used in the construction of playgrounds for children is GOST 52169-2012.
The document itself is very voluminous. If we analyze it, we will come to the conclusion that according to GOST 52169: Sites must be fenced with special protection or railings; Stairs have anti-slip
GOST R 52169-2012 Equipment and coverings for children's playgrounds.
Design safety and test methods. General requirements
Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index “National Standards”, and the official text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index “National Standards”.
Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru) This standard applies to equipment for children's playgrounds (hereinafter referred to as equipment) and coverings for children's playgrounds (hereinafter referred to as the coating) intended for individual and collective use.
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Which organization is involved in construction and improvement?
Installing play areas in yards is the responsibility of the homeowners association or management company. And if we talk about who is responsible for them in the courtyards of apartment buildings, then it is either the management company or the apartment owners.
Children's playgrounds have already been provided in the courtyard of an apartment building. If the quality is poor, apartment owners need to put up with it or complain. In order to establish it, home owners draw up a collective application addressed to the head of the management company. It specifies the requirements for playgrounds in a specific local area.
The management company’s response depends on various nuances. If the structure is in disrepair, management companies often cite a lack of funds. But it is usually difficult for residents to achieve even simple repairs. It’s another matter if there is no place for entertainment at all. Then the organization managing the apartment building must equip it.
Important! The improvement of playgrounds in courtyards is the responsibility of the management company only when they are located in the local area.
If this is yard land, then all responsibility falls on the shoulders of the municipality. This includes arrangement and landscaping of a place for children to play. Children's playgrounds for courtyard areas, which are managed by local administrations, often require improvement. Little money is allocated from the budget for them.
New requirements for children's playgrounds have come into effect. What to change at work now
In the event of a serious injury or death of a child, all those responsible may be held criminally liable, including the head of the local administration 1. GOST R 52169–2012 “Equipment and coverings of children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods.
General requirements" (approved). 2. GOST R EN 1177–2013 “Shock-absorbing coverings for playgrounds.
Determination of the critical fall height" (approved.
by order of Rosstandart dated June 24, 2013 No. 181-st).
3. GOST R 52301–2013 “Equipment and coatings for children's playgrounds.
Safety during operation. General requirements" (approved). For manufacturers, the requirements of national GOSTs are advisory in nature. But local government bodies, when purchasing equipment for the needs of the municipality, are obliged to check whether it complies with national GOSTs and EAEU TR 042/2017.
Which equipment is subject to the new requirements? From November 17, 2021, in the procurement documentation, indicate the requirements established in EAEU TR 042/2017.
What should a children's playground be like in the local area?
Installation is always accompanied by a large number of calculations and compliance with standard rules. Regardless of who is engaged in construction, it is important to observe:
- dimensions of the structure;
- distance from home and other objects;
- square;
- landscaping and landscaping.
Without compliance with GOST, planned construction cannot be carried out on playgrounds of an apartment building.
Requirements for GOST
GOST for playgrounds includes different requirements and standards. The requirements for standard children's playgrounds in the local area are as follows:
- sustainability and safety;
- the presence of protective fences, railings;
- special non-slip coating;
- absence of sharp corners, protruding parts or other dangerous elements of the structure.
Before installing such a structure in the courtyard of a multi-story building, you need to attract specialists to prepare the project and select materials.
Taking into account safety zones when creating a playground
According to GOST, the safety zone is the place that the child (moving) occupies while using the equipment.
Therefore, when in the design layout you see a safety zone that runs at a distance from the boundaries of the equipment, it is assumed that the child can actively use this space for his movements during the game. Often the safety zone coincides with the fall and landing zone.
The fall zone is the space in, on or around equipment into which a child falls from a structure placed above the surface of a children's play area. The landing zone is the area of the surface of a children's playground that a child lands on as a result of a free fall.
The boundaries of the fall zone are no less than 1.5 m from the supporting surface of any structural element of the equipment placed on the surface of the playground.
Dimensions and thickness
The size of a standard play area for an apartment building depends on the number of residents. Usually no more than 0.5-0.7 square meters are taken into account. m. per person. Approximate dimensions of the structure according to GOST:
- 50-70 sq. m. – a small area for preschoolers;
- 70-150 sq. m. – standard platform;
- 100-300 sq. m. – a place for school-age children;
- from 300 sq. m. - a large area for games.
The size of a playground for an apartment building must be at least 10% of the total area.
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Materials
If the decision to build has been made, then the initiators need to select good materials. According to GOST and SanPin, playgrounds must be safe for children and adults.
The construction of children's playgrounds in courtyards is possible only from environmentally friendly materials. They must not be toxic or flammable. Usually they take wood, metal, tartan coating, high-quality plastic. The covering of children's playgrounds according to GOST is always shock-absorbing. For this purpose, soil, sand, lawn, polymer or rubber coating is used. The thickness of the rubber coating according to GOST is no more than 30-40 cm.
Children's playgrounds and sports grounds
• within the framework of the activities of the technical committee TK-444 “Sports and tourism products, equipment, inventory, physical education and sports services”, not a single modern standard for the safety of children's sports equipment and equipment has been adopted.
The safety of children's play and sports infrastructure is systematically checked by employees of the Moscow OATI (Association of Administrative and Technical Inspections). As most cases of child injury show, where the cause of the incident was poor-quality equipment or improper installation and operation, the facility was inspected by OATI.
Fencing
According to SNIP, playgrounds in the yard are fenced, but taking into account the requirements of GOST. To ensure safety for users, you need to install only a high-quality fence. The fence is installed in accordance with the rules and regulations:
- no damage;
- all stairs must be equipped with railings;
- railing height – from 60-70 cm.
SNIP and some other regulations do not contain special requirements for these types of structures. Most rules are developed for standard sports fields. But these technologies are also used in the construction of entertainment places for children. Then specialists provide sufficient safety for young visitors. They should not get stuck between the elements of the structure, get injured, etc.
Important! The fence is installed taking into account the size of the playing area and the entire area around the house.
It should always be comfortable and safe. This must be taken into account when landscaping the play area. You cannot install a solid fence, as this makes it difficult for parents to see. This concerns height, so install a fence no more than 1-1.2 m. During construction, it is better to place elements vertically. Children use the horizontal parts of the fence to climb over it.
SNiP II-L.11-70 Sports facilities. Design standards
Design standards" are no longer in force "Design standards for sports facilities (stadiums and gyms)" SN 16-58.1.1.
The standards of this chapter apply to the design of newly constructed and reconstructed sports facilities: open planar structures (individual, complex, stadiums), gyms, artificial outdoor and indoor sports pools. Note.
When designing sports facilities, the requirements of the relevant chapters of SNiP and regulatory documents approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee should also be observed.1.2. When designing sports facilities, the most progressive space-planning and design solutions should be used to reduce the weight of buildings, reduce material consumption and construction costs, as well as improve the technical and economic indicators of construction projects in general. The dimensions of buildings should be
Basic operating rules
Maintenance of the property of apartment buildings is the responsibility of the management company and residents. However, the playing area must not be used for other purposes. Legislative acts of the Russian Federation require that they be operated according to the following standards:
- They are intended for games or active recreation. It is allowed to use them for the construction of small sports complexes (velodromes, places for roller skating).
- Children under 7 years of age must be supervised by adults here.
- Before using the equipment, parents should ensure that it is in working order.
Equipment is age appropriate:
- cable car – from 7 liters;
- carousels or swings – from 7 liters;
- special complex IK-G44 - from 3 to 7 years.
Owners of apartments in a multi-storey building with small children are also required to comply with the following prohibitions:
- You must not smoke, drink alcohol, or leave glass containers or other dangerous objects;
- Walking dogs is not recommended;
- Persons over 16 years of age or weighing more than 70 kg are prohibited from using the equipment.
SNIPs and laws on the installation of playgrounds
What documents SNIPS Sanpins regulate the standards for choosing the location and fencing of children's playgrounds in the courtyard of a microdistrict in the city of Moscow? (the microdistrict consists of 8 22 and 25 storey buildings long ago occupied by 98% homeowners) the territory has not yet been transferred to the city’s balance sheet by the developer.
Hello Olga, my colleagues gave very complete answers to your questions related to the playground and heating network facilities. I will add a little about the land plot and the powers of the owners of apartment buildings. Let's start with the fact that all construction in the city of Moscow (as in other cities of Russia) is carried out according to a previously approved urban plan. On it, usually, long before the developer is given a building permit, all objects (including objects for improvement of the adjacent and courtyard areas) are determined. That is, the location of children's playgrounds, parking spots, central heating points, lighting poles, and even future social and cultural facilities. Therefore, the developer and other organizations responsible for the improvement of the microdistrict are obliged to strictly follow this plan. I will say more that the developer would not have received a building permit if he had proposed his own plan for the development of the microdistrict. The land would most likely be leased to the developer during the construction of apartment buildings, but remains the property of local governments. In our case, the owner will remain the Moscow city government. Now about the owners. Of course, the issue of landscaping the adjacent and courtyard areas may be the subject of a decision at a general meeting of owners of the premises of an apartment building. Owners can, at their own expense, improve the area adjacent to the house, having coordinated their actions with the municipality and the management organization that manages (again by decision of the general meeting) the common property of the owners of the apartment building. To do this, representatives of the municipality and the management company must be invited to the meeting. We must not forget that only the owners of this one house are authorized to resolve the issue of improvement of the territory adjacent to the house. This is about the issue of an initiative group from several houses. We can return to the consideration of joint actions, and then only if the adjacent territory unites several apartment buildings. But the decision to improve the territory must still be made by each house separately.
We recommend reading: Do pensioners pay taxes on apartments?
Safety of children's playgrounds - GOSTs and standards
Some regulations are advisory in nature, while others are mandatory. Each site must necessarily have a safety data sheet (GOST 2.601); sites that were built before the introduction of the safety data sheet must be reconstructed in accordance with current safety requirements.
4.3.15 Enclosed equipment, such as tunnels, playhouses, etc., with an internal dimension greater than 2000 mm in any direction from the entrance must have at least two open access points, independent of each other and located on different sides of the equipment. The design of accesses must exclude the possibility of blocking them and ensure, if necessary, that adults provide assistance to children without any additional means (for example, a ladder that is not part of this equipment). The dimensions of open accesses must be at least 500×500 mm.
How to use the resource
The requirements for the land plot of a residential building in terms of providing it with landscaping and landscaping elements are established by SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises” and regional standards for urban planning, approved by Resolution of the Regional Governor dated 06.05.2006 No. 341. According to clause 2.3 of SanPin 2.1.2.2645-10 “The land plot allocated for the construction of a residential building must provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports, utility areas, guest parking for vehicles, green spaces.” The minimum permissible areas of plots occupied by the above-mentioned landscaping elements and landscaping are established by paragraphs. 2.2.22 and 2.2.23 regional standards for urban planning. The distance from the playground to the windows of residential buildings must be at least 12 m, from the site for physical education (depending on the noise characteristics) 10-40 m. The owners of premises in an apartment building own by right of common shared ownership the land plot on which this house is located with elements of landscaping and improvement, other objects intended for the maintenance, operation and improvement of this house and located on the specified land plot. Any types of use of the land plot of an apartment building are permitted only with the consent of the owners of the premises in this building, formalized in accordance with housing legislation.
I believe that if there was indignation among the residents, then this is clearly not a multifunctional playground with a sandbox, swings, rocking chairs, carousels, a slide and benches for children and young mothers to relax, but something else that a group of people planned to place as a sports and play area in the immediate vicinity of the houses of protesting residents, one of whom is the author of this forum topic. This does not fit in with the arrangement of the courtyard area. The quote says it all:
Carefully consider the placement of the site and objects on it
Monitoring of the condition of children's playgrounds in Russia is carried out by the ONF and the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. Svetlana Razvorotneva previously spoke about violations in their installation and content. Among them:
- absence or insufficient thickness of shock-absorbing coating;
- proximity of the site to heating mains and power lines, container sites, parking lots;
- loose play structures;
- swings on rigid suspensions, banned since 2013.
At the press conference, Svetlana Kalinina gave examples of the most common violations that were committed during the installation and maintenance of playgrounds by municipalities. She participates in their monitoring in the regions of Russia. Management organizations that plan to install playground equipment in the local area should take into account the mistakes of their colleagues and avoid them.
The surface of the site must be safe. If backfill is used, it cannot be large crushed stone: a child falling on it will be injured. The surface of the site must be flat, including when filling with sand. If the covering is rubber, then it is necessary to secure it well and be sure to clear it of snow, because of which it quickly deteriorates and swells.
Snow causes the rubber coating to swell and require replacement. Photo by ONF.
Pay attention to the fence of the playground: children can get stuck between fence bars that are too wide apart or run into sharp bars.
: children can run into the wire
It is necessary to cut down dead wood around the site and remove it as much as possible from the road and car parking. Tidy up the area around the playground so that children do not have to get to it through huge puddles or running across the roadway.
On swings, slides and other playground facilities, indicate the age limit for children who can use them. Be sure to replace swings with a rigid suspension with chain ones.
banned since 2013
When installing gambling zone objects, place them correctly throughout the area: the slide exit should not rest against other elements, a fence or a bench:
Photo by ONF
There should be no sewer hatches or heating shafts on the site; it should be kept as far away as possible from networks, including transformer booths. Under no circumstances should you use homemade play elements, especially swings and slides, in play areas: they do not meet safety requirements and can lead to injuries to children.
Why does the UA need to improve the courtyard of the house and what objects should be installed there?
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Children's playgrounds and sports grounds snip
The lines on the platforms are drawn along the cord using a stencil or a special machine. On permeable areas, lines are applied with lime, adhesive or oil-based paint (with primer). On areas with asphalt, rubber-bitumen, wood and other coatings, adhesive, oil-based, enamel or synthetic paint is used for marking. The most commonly used paint is adhesive paint. To obtain paint per bucket of water, you need 0.8 kg of bone glue, 6 kg of chalk, 5-6 g of blue. The mixture is boiled until the paint has sufficient consistency.
Layout
The surfaces of volleyball and tennis courts are best made with slopes from the center line to the front lines.
Slopes on basketball courts and handball courts should be made two slopes from the central longitudinal axis to the side lines. However, depending on the location of the site, the topography of the site, the location of the main drains of the complex (if the site is part of it), the vertical layout can be changed. 08 Aug 2021 piterurist 872
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Municipal authorities
In courtyard areas, the installation of platforms is carried out by the municipality. This is where you should go if there is no playground in the yard or it is unsuitable for use. It should be noted that in any city, programs are periodically carried out to improve the courtyard area. You need to follow them in order to write your application on time.
To do this, it is necessary to convene a meeting of residents and draw up an appeal. It is also worth inviting a representative of the management company.
The swing is picking up speed
The regulation has been in effect since November 2021, but there was still a transition period when equipment for playgrounds could be produced according to the old requirements, notes Natalya Zinchenko, a leading expert in assessing the conformity of equipment for children's playgrounds and sports grounds of the Gorod association. Obtaining certificates of conformity was voluntary. “Moreover, most of these documents were fake,” notes Zinchenko. “In 2021, of the certificates verified by experts from our association, only 3 were genuine.” Now certificates are becoming mandatory, and a register has been created on the website of the Federal Accreditation Agency in which you can check whether the manufacturer actually received them.
Before the certificate is issued, slides, swings, carousels and other playground equipment will be thoroughly tested by experts for safety. For example, they will use special probes to check whether a child’s finger, leg or head can get stuck between the elements, or whether the child can fall through entirely. “There were cases when a child got stuck in the playground fence and died,” recalls Zinchenko. The requirements for surfaces on playgrounds are being tightened - the thickness of the rubber coating or the layer of sand in places where children land or where children are likely to fall will be greater. Adults must have access inside the play complexes in order to help the child in a timely manner. Tunnels, playhouses and other enclosed spaces must have at least two exits from different sides for safety reasons.
Each type of equipment has its own standards. Thus, swings not on chains, but on a rigid suspension, will finally become a thing of the past. “They were banned by GOST back in 2013, but many believed that these requirements were unnecessary, and such swings were still offered on the market,” notes Zinchenko. And, let’s say, rocking chairs for babies can be installed not on any spring, but only on one that allows the seat to deviate no more than 30 degrees.
The composition of the materials from which children's playgrounds are made will also be checked (they are supposed to be tested for the presence of 22 chemical elements) - the structures must not be toxic, radioactive, must be resistant to combustion, without emitting toxic fumes. “It happens that there is a smell from the equipment, and if it is not very noticeable outside, then indoors it is more noticeable,” notes Zinchenko. Materials that can become a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms are prohibited - for example, pads made of a soft coating that absorbs moisture. Designs should not be made from materials that may cause burns upon contact with skin in very hot or very cold regions.
More detailed information for parents will appear on the sites. The signs will indicate not only what age children these swings or carousels are intended for, but also what height and weight of the child they are designed for. To ensure that a thin baby is not allowed into playgrounds for children with large dimensions, there is a risk that he, for example, will fall into the openings between the bars.
Users of the site will be considered not only children under 14 years of age, but also persons accompanying them. If, for example, because of an improperly equipped playground, it is not a child who is injured, but a grandmother walking with her grandson, this may also become a reason for claims by those who equipped this playground.
“Children die every year on playgrounds in Russia, injuries occur almost every day!” - emphasizes Zinchenko. According to the expert, if the requirements of the technical regulations are met, children will have fewer compression fractures of the spine (there are a lot of such injuries now), and there will be fewer jams. The shock-absorbing coating will save you from death and serious harm to health. There should be fewer concussions, fractures, and wounds.
Large manufacturers have already switched to new standards. Small companies may not be able to meet the new requirements.
“The market will be cleaned up, but, in my opinion, this will only be good,” says Evgeniy Lakhmansky, board member of the Association of Sports Industry Enterprises. — Companies that dumped clearly due to low-quality products will leave - from those who literally made equipment in garages to those who simply did not bother with this issue. At the same time, municipalities sometimes buy products that do not meet any safety or quality requirements. If only it was cheap." According to Lakhmansky, prices for certification are not prohibitive and are quite affordable for.
There were proposals to postpone the introduction of technical regulations due to the pandemic, but the date was not moved.
“In April, due to the pandemic, there was a shortage of materials coming from abroad, but now everything is working - companies have either found domestic manufacturers or are holding out on their reserves. Supplies are already being restored,” says Lakhmansky.
“In my opinion, the pandemic has actualized the task of producing children's playgrounds from polymer materials with antibacterial surfaces. This will help protect children from the spread of viral infections,” notes Pavel Sklyanchuk, an expert at the ONF “Housing and Urban Environment” thematic platform. At the end of 2021, the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Sports already issued an order in which the regions were recommended to ensure the purchase of equipment for playgrounds that has a certificate of compliance with the requirements of the new technical regulations, he notes.
The new rules will not apply to existing sites. No one is going to dismantle them at once either. “Now experts are developing a mechanism for decommissioning old sites so that this does not cause, for example, indignation among residents. It is under discussion,” notes Zinchenko.
For new equipment, each manufacturer must determine the service life. After this, the play structures will need to be dismantled.
Standards for installing playgrounds
Hello! If the cause of the noise were of a technical nature (the creaking of a swing, for example), then solving this problem would be much easier. But stopping children screaming on the playground will be much more difficult than installing triple-glazed windows in the bedroom. Good luck to you!
Hello! Yes, metal swings are not safe, but they are very reliable and durable, especially for public playgrounds. You can try installing some kind of plastic attachment on the seat. Or hang a safe rope swing nearby, if there is space.
