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What do utility bills consist of?

The state's housing policy is aimed at creating the most favorable conditions for people to live in houses of any form of ownership, providing them with all the necessary benefits. The supply of resources to housing and non-residential premises is accompanied by monetary costs for the extraction of these resources, processing and high-quality delivery of them to the consumer. Each citizen who is provided with the necessary service, which includes the following types, shares in these costs:

1. Payment for the maintenance and operation of housing stock.
2. Payment for utilities.

The obligation to bear expenses for these items is given to citizens on the basis of Article 153 of the RF Housing Code[2]. The amount of payments is determined based on the square meters of housing used and the readings of meters installed on utilities in the housing. In the absence of meters for metering consumed resources, calculations are made according to standards calculated according to state methods in each region separately.

Is it possible not to pay?

In accordance with Art.
153 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, residents of an apartment building are required to pay for repairs and maintenance of housing. According to Art. 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the need to pay for the maintenance of common property is determined. We are not talking about specific apartments owned by citizens. Also on the topic: Extract from an apartment when it is sold by the owner

And although it is impossible not to pay at all, you can refuse certain types of services. Thus, residents can decide to clean their entrances and areas themselves. But in this case, it is necessary to actually do the work, since sanitary inspections are carried out regularly.

The amount of payment may be reduced or completely canceled if the service is not provided in full, of poor quality, or not provided at all.

Thus, housing maintenance includes a large list of works and services to ensure the normal condition of entrances and other common premises, and the functioning of equipment. The need to pay is imposed on all residents and is mandatory.

What does housing maintenance include?

This part of the payment in the bills is the most incomprehensible, since, including a large list of works, it is contained in the concept of “content” without revealing the essence of the issue. According to the Rules for the provision of housing and communal services[3], the maintenance of a residential building is as follows:

• maintenance of the common property of the apartment building. It includes premises that are not apartments, that is, stairwells, landings, attics and basements;
• current repairs of load-bearing structures of the building and roof;
• maintenance of utility pipes and electrical wiring running outside apartments;
• maintenance of the ventilation and smoke removal system for combustion products in the presence of gas water heaters in the apartment;
• deratization and disinsection of basements and common areas of the first floors;
• payments for electricity in stairwells and basements;
• cleaning the local area and entrances;
• maintenance of sports and children's equipment in the local area;
• for homeowners – contributions for major repairs;
• for persons living in a municipal apartment - deductions for rental housing.

High-quality maintenance of housing extends the normal functioning of the entire house. Each part developed in the list for the maintenance of housing stock has its own frequency of implementation and recommended volume. To comply with all specified periods and fulfill the prescribed volumes, 100% payment for housing services is required. Therefore, this expense item can be presented as a feasible contribution to the safety of the housing stock and maintaining comfort in the home.

Housing maintenance

It represents comprehensive services and works that relate to the maintenance of common property and maintenance.
Also included is the arrangement and verification of the technical condition of communications. This is important, because if there is no preventive work on the site, a serious accident may occur. Work is carried out throughout the entire operation cycle of the house. Some of them may be periodic, others require a regular schedule. The main goal is to maintain the safety of property and sanitary and hygienic condition in proper form. First of all, it is necessary to determine what is included in the maintenance of housing:

1. Technical supervision to ensure that common property is in good condition. Both comprehensive and partial inspections are carried out. Regular technical inspections and diagnostics are carried out using special instruments.
2. Preparations for the season are underway. This may include preparing for the heating season before the cold season. In spring and summer, entrances, enclosing structures and technical rooms are put in order.
3. Cleaning and general cleaning of common areas such as entryways, basements and attics is carried out daily. The surrounding area is kept in order and garbage is regularly removed.
4. Caring for green spaces, watering them regularly.

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Since the beginning of 2021, a section “general household needs” has appeared in receipts for electricity, cold and hot water supply. From this moment on, you have to pay for water costs for cleaning and watering plants, lighting entrances and areas.

Such detailed indication of expenses has become necessary to combat inflated tariffs of management companies. Many of them thus wrote off their own debts at the expense of the residents of the buildings they serviced. Thanks to the widespread use of meters and the indication of consumption on receipts, this practice has disappeared.

Now each owner can make calculations based on existing tariffs. If they do not match the amount on the receipt, you must file a complaint with the management company. And if there is no response, an application is submitted to the housing inspectorate.

What does payment of utilities include?

These services combined the use of natural resources in the form of the following provision:

1. Uninterrupted supply of cold water of appropriate quality in accordance with the requirements of SanPin 2.1.4.1074.1[4], as well as drainage for the purpose of removing wastewater from the apartment.
2. 24-hour electricity supply within the framework of specifications for the supply of energy to apartments.
3. Gasified houses are supplied with natural gas.
4. Use of thermal energy to heat an apartment and produce hot water in houses with centralized hot water supply.
5. Removal of solid household waste.

Tariffs for each service are calculated according to the developed methodological instructions of the Government of the Russian Federation, but taking into account the specifics of the region. Each federal district participates in the formation of reasonable tariffs for the population, taking into account the realities of life.

The formation of the tariff includes the costs of extracting the resource, its processing and delivery to the consumer, taking into account the production and overhead costs of the supplier. At the same time, the quality of the service is controlled at the state level and must be in accordance with existing standards.

Off-season responsibilities

If the climate becomes humid and damp in the fall, such work is carried out in the summer months. During the winter months, the management organization must deal with frozen ice and snow accumulation. The following mandatory work is carried out:

• Repair work to keep drains and roofs in good condition;
• Repair of window and door units in entrances and on floors, with the exception of private apartments;
• Checking the facade and correcting defects if they appear;
• Maintaining fences, railings, and driveway canopies in proper condition;
• Caring for plants growing near the house;
• Painting of all structures on the territory, removal of old wood and leaves, removal of snow and ice;
• Cutting down trees if they pose a threat to people, homes and common property;
• Repairing playgrounds and checking their safety;
• Regular cleaning of entrances;
• Cleaning, monitoring the filling of garbage containers;
• Telephone support for residents in case of emergency;
• Technical work and inspection of systems responsible for water supply, sewerage, heat and electricity supply;
• Repair of technical premises and devices.

Residents must have access to up-to-date information on tariffs, work carried out and planned. Moreover, they should not be provided with generalized information on objects. Data is provided for a specific apartment building.

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Services must be disclosed in detail in the form of an annex with current tariffs. If there is a change in the payment amount, residents are informed with a list for a specific type of work or service.

Factors influencing the calculation of utility bills

The following data influences the amount to be paid for utilities:

• total area of ​​housing - to pay for housing maintenance and heating;
• the number of persons registered in the apartment - for payment for services provided according to the standard in the absence of metering devices;
• housing category - payment in an elite apartment building differs from the costs of maintaining a hostel;
• the amount of resources consumed according to meter readings;
• other special conditions under the agreement between the owner of the premises and the production service.

The amount of utility bills can be changed downward in cases provided for by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. They consist of the following:

1. State assistance in the form of benefits and subsidies for utility bills.
2. Poor quality provision of services by performers must be compensated in recalculations for payments made. But for this it is necessary to show personal initiative and exercise control over the quality of the service provided.

The consumer receives receipts for payment in a ready-made form indicating the tariffs and the total cost to be paid, but it is better to keep a home record of utility bills and meter readings to control your own costs and the correctness of charges by the executive companies. By performing such accounting, you can always reconcile accruals and payments in the created city E&R Centers, intended for the convenience of citizens.

Payment for housing and utilities: how to reduce utility costs

Situations often arise when it is no longer possible to remain silent in a dispute with your management company and you need to protect your consumer rights. A few simple steps can help here:

• by requesting an official request regarding all tariffs for all expense items, you can find out what exactly is included in the specified list of provided utility services, as well as what exactly the consumer pays for and what services provided are not fully received;
• draw up the necessary act for all housing services that have not been provided over the last month, inviting an employee of your management organization;
• together with an employee of the organization (it is possible without him), it is necessary to draw up a certain act of claim and collect as many signatures of residents as possible;
• submit a corresponding application to the organization for recalculation of all services, with the documents attached;
• if utility companies refuse to carry out recalculation, you must file a complaint directly with the department specializing in the protection of all consumer rights;
• Few people know that the owner has every right to completely refuse some housing services. One of these services is the care and cleaning of stairs.

Paying for housing and utilities is a rather complicated topic for the common person, but knowing the rules, tariffs and your rights, you can reduce your costs for housing services by henceforth paying for the amount that was actually used.

What is included in the article “Maintenance and current repairs of MKD housing”

The Housing Code of the Russian Federation (Article No. 154) specifies all types of actions that are assigned to management companies. To find out what is included in the fee for the maintenance of residential premises and current repairs of an apartment building, it is enough to open the regulatory act. It states that multi-family buildings must be maintained in proper functional and appearance at all times. This applies to elevators, corridors, entrance areas and staircases. According to the law, employees of the management company or HOA should perform the following on a monthly basis, as necessary and on an approved schedule:

• renovation of common areas;
• preparing general house equipment and machinery for the seasons;
• technical inspection of the current condition of the building;
• garbage removal;
• restoration of life support in case of accidents and breakdowns.

Similar obligations are written in the “Methodological manual for the maintenance and repair of housing stock.” They are considered imperative and must be carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the entire operational life. Moreover, each paragraph of the article contains many responsibilities aimed at preventing, diagnosing and eliminating household problems.

The list of service work is extensive and includes active activities throughout the year.

Service list

House maintenance is carried out according to an approved schedule. It is both preventive and emergency in nature. Employees are required to regularly inspect residential buildings and eliminate any detected defects, ensuring proper maintenance of housing. What is included in this payment? Residents finance all types of work carried out on the common area of ​​the house. The responsibilities of employees of management organizations include:

• technical supervision of premises (inspection of sites, electrical networks, adjacent areas);
• elimination of breakdowns in water supply, sewerage, heating, electrical equipment;
• checking the presence of drafts and hoods;
• coating parts of metal roofing;
• fixation of drainpipes, elbows, funnels;
• reactivation and preservation of irrigation installations;
• insulation of balcony and window openings;
• adjustment of heating structures;
• glass replacement;
• landscaping, sweeping, mowing lawns;
• cleaning roofs and canopies;
• waste removal;
• repair of the foundation, ceilings, doors, walls, canopies, facade, inter-apartment partitions, roofing, flooring, heating, water supply, garbage chutes;
• restoration of sidewalks, fences, canopies for containers, playgrounds near the house.

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Despite the different nature of the activity in each month, the owners always pay the same fee, regardless of the time of year and type of service in each period of time. The article “Repair and maintenance of housing” includes capital, preventive and emergency work. The amount established by the state includes all repair and construction procedures that are regularly performed by employees of the specialized company.