Rules for roof repair and reconstruction - nuances of the work carried out

What is included in the list of works for restoring the roof of a residential apartment building?

Major repairs include 100% dismantling of failed roofing, insulation, and insulation. A complete repair of the underlying layers of the MKD roof is being carried out.

The roof of the truss structure is repaired with the replacement of damaged sections of the truss system. When the roofing material is spread on the reinforced concrete slab, a new design screed is poured. The waterproofing layer of the MKD roof is restored using a continuous section.

The work includes dismantling and replacing:

• unsuitable roofing material;
• roof elements and structures;
• Damaged roof elements are replaced;
• protection of roof products from fire with fire-fighting compounds;
• wooden elements with their treatment with antifungal compounds to prevent rot and mold;
• roof leveling layer;
• vapor barrier and thermal insulation;
• roof waterproofing, if necessary, new sound insulation is installed;
• supporting and load-bearing structures of rafters;
• roofing finishing layer;
• floor slab joints;
• frame and rafter sheathing;
• drains, drain funnels, gutters, drain pipes;
• dormer windows;
• sections of the roof at the junction of the roof with the pediment and cornice.

Find out everything residents of apartment buildings need to know about the types of work included in major repairs here.

Fencing

Clause 7.16 of SP 4.13130.2013 requires working roof fencing elements. They are placed on flat roofs. The height of 0.6 m is regulated by GOST R 53254-2009.

Gain

Strengthening the structure and imparting strength and reliability factors allows for the implementation of elements in the form of:

• support-type assistance that unloads a stressed unit or has material defects;
• additional beams, they will absorb part of the loads of the damaged part or weakened rafter structure;
• installation of reinforcing struts at the site of damage to unload the unit, high voltage, or with the formation of a crack in the body of the structure;
• installation on a weak point with sagging, bending of the part 2 side wooden or metal reinforcing pads.

Strengthening the roof of an apartment building with a soft roof consists of restoring the design layer of coatings in compliance with the design technology of work.

Types of roof repairs

Given the scale of structural damage, several categories of repairs are distinguished. The construction engineer of the management company, depending on the volume of work required and the degree of destruction of the roof and roof elements, classifies the upcoming repairs.

Maintenance

Current repairs are carried out if the technical condition of the coating requires partial restoration. In such a situation, when repairing the roof, the following work is performed:

• restoration of fastening or replacement of individual damaged slate sheets;
• repairing local damage;
• restoration of roofing felt roof covering in case of local defects, if a complete replacement of the roofing material is not required;
• elimination of other minor damage.

This type of work does not require significant financial investments, and is designed to maintain the structures in good condition until the next overhaul.

Major roof repairs

When overhauling the roof of an apartment building, a complete restoration of the covering is carried out with the replacement of ACV sheets or soft roofing, strengthening, restoration or complete reconstruction of load-bearing elements.

If the extent of damage exceeds forty percent, major repairs are mandatory.

Such work requires careful preparation: drawing up estimates, purchasing materials, selecting a contractor. Therefore, the organization process should begin at least a year before the planned CD.

Urgent or emergency repairs

Sometimes the need for work arises suddenly, due to a natural disaster, accident or other damage of a force majeure nature. It is impossible to prepare for such situations in advance. But, given that such phenomena usually lead to serious damage to structures, emergency roof repairs must be carried out immediately, since the safety of the building depends on it.

Is replacing a roof considered a renovation?

The following works are considered to replace the roof of an apartment building:

1. dismantling the roof covering;
2. laying a new waterproofing film of the vapor barrier layer;
3. assembly of the counter lathing for the wooden roof of the MKD;
4. installation of step lathing;
5. laying roofing with installation of ridge, wind, cornice elements and valley structures.

Roof replacement can be a major repair or reconstruction. These are different things. In the first case, a partial replacement of components and parts is carried out, in the second - a complete replacement of the structure, roofing, and thermal insulation cake. Is there a difference between reconstruction and major repairs and what is it, read here.

Covering roofs with sheet steel

Current repairs consist of annual restoration and maintenance of roofs in the condition necessary for normal technical operation. It can be pre-planned (planned precautionary) and unforeseen, which includes minor work to eliminate accidental damage. During routine repairs, the roof covering is replaced only partially, on average about 10% of the entire area. Thus, current repairs include partial replacement of the roofing in certain small areas; placing patches and sealing fistulas; replacement of unusable parts of drainpipes and coverings of protrusions on facades; roof painting.

Major roof repairs involve replacing all or a significant part of the roofing covering. In this case, roofing elements are prepared and laid using the same methods and techniques as when installing a new roof. Only during repairs, before laying a new roof, it is necessary to first remove the old roof covering that has become unusable.

What is the rationale for carrying out such work?

Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 FZ-170: established conditions for the reliable operation of units and elements of the roofing covering (clause 4.6.1.7-4.6.1.10).
Protective coatings, steel ties, load-bearing structures, seals of faulty recumbent and standing seam sheet metal roofs are considered to be the cause of roof defects. They must be eliminated, which characterizes the justification for carrying out work on the CD MKD.

The reason for replacing roofing elements may be the aging of the material and the deterioration of its physical and chemical condition. This affects the reliability of components and structures; they become fragile, unstable, and not durable structures. They do not withstand the loads of rain and snow.

The main processes of violations of the integrity and reliability of the roof material, which are the basis for repair:

• Rotten state of the rafters, support units of the wooden roof frame.
• Roof leakage due to the destruction of the roofing felt layer of a soft roof, slate and metal of a wooden roof; destruction of the ridge, pediment, violation of the tightness of the butt joint of the metal roof seam.
• Carrying out routine and emergency repairs using low-quality building materials, or physical aging of design materials that have stood for a long time.
• Destruction or dilapidation of a structure due to wind, snow loads, or the long service life of the structure and materials.
• The appearance of defective areas of the roof that are not suitable for use. Materials and structural parts become unsuitable for further use.

Causes of roof defects

There are three reasons - improper design, installation and operation. Let's start with design, although it should be noted that not all country houses, and especially small dachas, were built according to some kind of design. Hence the large number of errors. What are they:

• An incorrect calculation or its complete absence will lead to deformation of the rafter system over time. And this is the reason for the violation of the integrity of the roof covering.
• Many architects include complex components when they are thinking of creative solutions. And often chimneys or ventilation pipes get into these nodes. For example, a pipe protruding from the valley, which becomes an obstacle to the flow of a large amount of water. The latter will simply look for a place to spout, so it begins to seep under the roofing material.

Error in architectural solution Source supersadovnik.ru

• Thermal engineering calculations , or rather errors in it, also become problems for roofs. If the thermal insulation material and its thickness were chosen incorrectly, then it is guaranteed that the attic will first of all be cold, and secondly, that the insulation itself will soon fail. And the next stage is the deformation of the roofing material.

The next reason is improper installation. Today this problem can be solved in one way - to invite professional roofers to build the roof, and not general craftsmen.

The third reason is the carelessness of the owner of the house himself. The roof must be maintained constantly. And this is not only clearing it of snow in winter. It is necessary to clean the roofing from leaves and moss. Drains are cleaned, joints in places where pipes and antennas are drilled are checked.

Probably, it is necessary to identify a fourth reason. This is the quality of building materials. Unfortunately, there are a lot of “leftist” products on the market. It's cheap, but its quality is low. There is no point in even talking about this, and everything is clear.

Roofing material must be of high quality Source krovmira.ru

Why is expertise needed?

The examination is carried out to establish the extent of damage to elements and determine the volume of upcoming major repairs.

1. Each element is checked for compliance with the design.
2. The documentation for repairs also undergoes examination as part of the design documentation for repairs.
3. The compliance of product materials with regulatory requirements for reliable operation and classifying the material as a safety category is clarified.
4. Confirmed by certificates of conformity and product passports.
5. Materials purchased for major repairs that comply with GOST are checked against the specification and bill of quantities.
6. Products brought for repairs with the TU index are approved by supervisory authorities and HOAs for use as a replacement for design materials.

How to properly repair a soft roof

In Moscow and Central Russia, bitumen roll materials have become most popular. They are easy to install, especially on flat roofs, and can be used for roofs of residential and industrial buildings. In terms of reliability of coating, bitumen-based roll materials are superior to most other methods of arranging a roofing pie. Such materials are well suited not only for Moscow with its relatively stable climate, but also for areas where sudden temperature changes are observed.

• During operation, roof slopes may sag. The reason for this is the excessive load to which the soft roof is subjected. The load may be the result of errors during the installation of the roof covering or the result of rotting and deformation of the beams on which the roof rests. The load is caused by natural phenomena. In Moscow and other regions of Central Russia, it is often caused by snow. Therefore, the soft roof should be regularly cleaned of it, as well as dirt and debris.
• Roofs should be washed periodically with regular clean water supplied under pressure. After washing, the surface is treated with special compounds that protect the outer layer of the roofing cake from moss and mold. It is enough to wash it once a year.
• Additional preventive measures are required in regions with high humidity. The roofs of houses in such areas are further protected. For example, you can install a zinc strip near the ridge.
• In winter in Moscow and Central Russia, it is necessary not only to regularly remove snow and icicles, but also to treat the surface with chemical compounds that prevent the accumulation of snow and the formation of an ice crust.
• If there are trees near the house, it is necessary to trim off the branches hanging over the roof. The distance between the nearest tree branches and the roofing must be at least one meter.

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At whose expense is the restoration carried out?

The state participates in financing capital repairs. The main sources of financing: budgetary funds and funds that residents collect through monthly contributions.

Can this be done under the program using a special fund?

The costs of major repairs of the roof of an apartment building are reimbursed by the owners of residential and non-residential premises in the amount of their share of the occupied area. There are 2 known payment options for the roof of an apartment building:

1. Homeowners pay the management company the estimated cost of maintenance costs for the apartment building. 1 share of income goes to scheduled repairs and maintenance of apartment buildings. The 2nd share is accumulated in the amount for major repairs of the roof of the apartment building. The decision to start work and agree on the estimate with the management company and residents of the house is determined at a meeting of residents. They must vote for this condition. 51% of the votes of homeowners is enough.
2. Government subsidies. In the Russian Federation it is regulated by Federal Law-185 “On the Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services”. It defines the right of citizens to finance the overhaul of apartment buildings. Homeowners will be able to receive government assistance if they make a down payment. The contribution share is not less than 5% of the cost of the roof according to the estimate.

The calculation of payment for the cost of major repairs or ongoing work is done by the management company. Residents of the house are required to pay their monthly share of the maintenance of the house. Accumulation of funding volumes is done in 1 of 2 options:

• on the declared current account;
• on the agent’s current account in accordance with Article 170 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

The volume of accumulation of financing for apartment buildings is paid by apartment residents and commercial organizations renting premises from the HOA. The procedure is shown in Part 1 of Article 39 of the RF Housing Code.

What the Capital Repair Fund does, who it reports to, where to complain about it, read here.

Each region is implementing a program for the capital repair of apartment buildings. The standards for carrying out major repairs of the facade and how to find out the address with the work schedule can be read on our website.

Preparing for repairs

The start of repair work is preceded by organizational and preparatory measures, namely:

• development of design and estimate documentation;
• approval and re-approval of design and estimate documentation;
• selecting a contractor by placing an order for repair work;
• conclusion of an agreement (contract) with the contractor;
• transfer of the advance payment stipulated by the contract.

Accounting for repair expenses
In accordance with the Instructions on the procedure for applying the budget classification of the Russian Federation for 2013 and for the planning period of 2014 and 2015, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 21, 2012 No. 171n (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions), expenses for current and major repairs non-financial assets should be classified under subarticle 225 “Works, services for property maintenance” of KOSGU.

Taking this into account, according to instructions No. 157n, 162n, 174n, 183n, settlements with the contractor performing roof repair work must be reflected in the accounts in the following accounts:

– 0 206 25 000 “Calculations for advances for work, services for property maintenance”;

– 0 302 25 000 “Calculations for work, services for property maintenance.”

The advance payment to the contractor is carried out on the basis of the contract and the received invoice.

As a rule, the cost of roof repairs is included in general business expenses. Depending on the source of financing from which these expenses are covered, they will be reflected in the accounts:

– 5 401 20 225 “Work expenses, property maintenance services” (expenses incurred through targeted subsidies);

– 4 109 80 225 “General business expenses for the production of finished products, work, services in terms of property maintenance”, 4 401 20 225 “Work expenses, services for property maintenance” (expenses incurred through subsidies for the implementation of a state task);

– 2 109 80 225 “General business expenses for the production of finished products, work, services in terms of property maintenance”, 2 401 20 225 “Work expenses, services for property maintenance” (expenses incurred from funds received from income-generating activities) .

Costs for roof repairs under a work contract are taken into account on the basis of an invoice issued by the contractor after the parties have signed an acceptance certificate for work performed (form KS-2) and a certificate of the cost of work performed and expenses (form KS-3).

It is worth noting that repair work can be carried out using both the contractor’s materials and the customer’s materials. In the first case, the cost of materials is included in the total cost of repair work. Let's look at examples of reflecting such operations.

A sports school (budgetary institution) entered into a contract for a complete replacement of the roof of the school building. The cost of work under the contract was 200,000 rubles. The contract provides for an advance payment of 30% of the cost of work. Payment for repair work is carried out through a subsidy for the implementation of a state task. The costs of roof repairs are included in general business expenses, which are included in the cost of services provided by the school.

In accounting, these transactions will be reflected as follows:

According to the contract agreement concluded by the sports palace (an autonomous institution), the contractor performed work on coating the rolled roof with oil-bitumen mastic in the amount of 30,000 rubles.
The contract provides for an advance payment of 50% of the cost of work. Payment for repair work is carried out from funds received from income-generating activities (from net profit). In accounting, these transactions will be reflected as follows:

If the repair is carried out using the customer's materials, the contractor is obliged to use the material provided by the customer economically and prudently, and after completing the work, provide the customer with a report on the consumption of the material.
The contractor must return the remainder of the unused material to the customer or, with the customer’s consent, reduce the price of the work taking into account the cost of the unused material remaining with the contractor (Article 713 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Since in this case the customer institution independently purchases construction materials on the basis of a supply contract, then, according to the Instructions, expenses for the purchase of construction materials should be reflected in Article 340 “Increase in the cost of inventories” of KOSGU.

In accordance with clause 116 of Instruction No. 157n, the transfer (return) of inventories to contractors is formalized by a primary (consolidated) accounting document (invoice, acceptance certificate, etc.) reflecting the internal movement of inventories without writing off the transferred objects from the balance sheet and their simultaneous reflection on the corresponding off-balance sheet accounts. According to the author, in this case, off-balance sheet account 26 “Property transferred for free use” is applied.

Let's consider the procedure for recording roof repair operations using customer materials.

The institution of physical culture and sports (budgetary institution) entered into a contract for the replacement of individual sheets of steel roofing of an indoor ice skating rink. The cost of work under the contract amounted to 50,000 rubles. The contract states that repair work is carried out using customer materials. According to the supply agreement, the institution purchased 30 steel roofing sheets in the amount of 12,000 rubles. (400 rubles per sheet). All of them were handed over to the contractor on the invoice. The contractor did not use 3 sheets and returned them to the customer. Payment for repair work is carried out upon completion. The source of financing for these operations is a targeted subsidy.

In accounting, these transactions will be reflected as follows:

If, for reasons caused by deficiencies in the material provided by the customer, the result of the work performed by the contractor was not achieved or turned out to be defective, then the contractor has the right to demand payment for the work performed by him. At the same time, the contractor can use this right only if he proves that the defects of the material could not have been detected during proper acceptance of this material (clauses 2, 3 of Article 713 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Who should conduct it?

Nominally, this is done by a specialized organization that has a service agreement. Essentially, he organizes and manages the progress of major repairs of the HOA MKD. Their implementation is established by law. In clause 4.6.1.1. Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 dated September 27, 2003 explains who maintains the roof in order to ensure its constant serviceability.

The document describes all key performance criteria. The homeowners' association or management company, which is considered an agent of the managing body of the apartment building, is obliged to carry out major roof repairs. This means that it is responsible for the correctness of its condition. And organizes repairs to the roof of the apartment building.

Roof repair - current or major repairs

Emergency roof repair is an urgent restoration of the functional purpose of the roofing covering - in order to eliminate leaks in order to avoid flooding of the rooms below, wetting of building structures and thermal insulation.

According to clause 7 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04/03/2021 N 290, the management company must check the roof for leaks; if violations leading to leaks are identified, the management company must immediately eliminate them, and in other cases, develop a plan for restoration work (if necessary ), carry out restoration work. According to the provisions of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation, major repairs include roof repairs.

Deadlines

Civil Code of the Russian Federation Part 1, Part 2 Article 708 Contract agreements establish the terms of major repairs. The start and end dates of the work are also stated there. As agreed upon by the HOA/MC and the construction organization, an agreement is concluded on the timing of the repairs.

Conditions and volumes not included in the framework agreement are prescribed in additional agreements. They define the types and timing of repairs for roof elements that are not included in the framework agreement.

Changes in the scope and new deadlines for the completion of work are stipulated in a 2-party agreement.

How often?

How often is a house roof repaired?

1. When roofing materials have peeled off or faded.
2. If new leaks appear regularly, inspection should be carried out 2 times a year. The most common places for leaks are cracks in the coating, roof joints, and fastenings of drainage systems.

Determining the percentage of building wear

The frequency of major repairs depends on the operating conditions of the relevant structures or types of engineering equipment and on the degree of their actual wear. For example, a comprehensive overhaul of an industrial building with reinforced concrete frames under normal operating conditions is carried out after 20 years; when operating in an aggressive environment and at high humidity - after 15; under vibration loads - after 6 years.

To extend the service life of buildings, it is necessary to implement a whole range of measures. This, first of all, promptly carries out work to maintain structures in good condition, ensure normal temperature and humidity conditions, and comply with the established operating conditions of sanitary and hygienic devices (heating, ventilation, etc.).

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Roofing made of soft materials: major or current repairs

When constructing and putting into operation any type of building, be it a residential building, or a modern business center, or a country cottage, you should think in advance about the preliminary timing of its repair, as well as methods and methods. Repair is an integral part of the operation of any building. One of the components of such repairs is repairing or replacing the roof. The roof is the main and most important component of the entire house. If an error is made during installation or the technology is not followed, a number of problems cannot be ruled out.

,
for example, leakage, poor sound and heat insulation, or the complete absence of any insulation at all
. But even with correctly performed roof installation work and the selection of the highest quality materials, wear and tear of the coating will inevitably follow, requiring repair. This applies to all types of roofs, including soft roofs. Its damage can be caused by various factors caused by both atmospheric phenomena and temporary operating parameters.

According to the operating rules, a soft roof requires both routine and major repairs after a certain period of time. It is necessary for professionals to determine what type of repair is required for a roof made of soft roofing materials, and what technologies will be used. They will conduct a preliminary inspection, assess the degree of wear, depth and amount of damage. And based on the data received, they will be able to say whether major or current repairs are required.

. Each type of repair requires the implementation of a specific list of repair work to restore the coating and the corresponding material costs, so an assessment by specialists is necessary first of all, even if, according to the operating technology, the time has come for a major or current repair. Periodic inspection of the condition of the roof will, in addition, allow you to identify hidden defects in the coating in advance and carry out the necessary repairs in a timely manner, eliminating major destruction of the coating.

What percentage of soft roof wear requires major repairs?

Determining the extent of damage to the brickwork of a building by examining the plastered facade is practically impossible, since, firstly, the area of ​​the facades is no more than 30% of the area of ​​all walls of the house; secondly, the greatest damage usually occurs in the internal walls, and thirdly, according to the Rules and Standards for the Technical Operation of the Housing Fund, repairs to peeling plaster on facades must be completed within one day. Therefore, there should practically be no houses with fallen plaster on an area of ​​up to 10% of the area of ​​the entire facade, of course, if the house is occupied and technical supervision is carried out in accordance with the rules and regulations.

The second drawback was that the system for selecting houses or prioritizing major repairs based on the percentage of physical deterioration does not reflect the actual condition of buildings and is subjective. Damage to structures that is not assigned to a location on the drawings and determined by the appearance of the building cannot serve as a basis for determining the priority of repairs. Let's consider this issue using the example of determining the percentage of physical wear and tear of the main structures of a residential building.

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