A room in a communal apartment or in a hostel: where is it easier to live

Hello, in this article we will try to answer the question “What is the difference between a communal apartment and a hostel.” You can also consult with lawyers online for free directly on the website.

Is it possible to open a personal account for communal premises and persons. an account for comfortable apartments, or open a sub-account with a personal apartment account. 3.

The capitalist state evicts a family of workers who have lost a worker and have not paid the wages. A bailiff, a policeman or a militiaman appears, a whole platoon of them. In a working-class neighborhood, a detachment of Cossacks is needed to carry out an eviction. Why? Because the bailiff and the “policeman” refuse to go without very strong military protection.

Unfortunately, foreign literature has practically disappeared from Russian schools... There are not enough hours to examine works of Russian literature. Consider - not study!

Communal apartment: how life is organized in a mini-state

If housing is provided by an educational institution or local executive authority, then benefits can be provided to students from disadvantaged families and people with difficult financial situations.

The prototypes of communal apartments as a type of housing in which several families live appeared at the beginning of the 18th century. Apartment owners partitioned the premises into several “corners” (often through passages) and rented them out. The apartments consisted of 3-6 rooms, with one kitchen (one toilet on the landing), and 3-6 families lived in them.

To the housing inspection that allowed the transfer of the hostel to an apartment building without organizational measures and is now making a decision on the absence of violations?

Is it possible to file a claim for the removal of these premises from common property? So that kums can be taken into account?

There is a huge difference between a hostel and a communal apartment. I lived both there and there. There is a commandant in the hostel, there are watchmen, and going there after 11:00 pm and before 6:00 am is problematic. A communal apartment can turn into an ordinary apartment, but a hostel cannot. Dormitories are different.

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Communal apartment: history and everyday life

The prototype of communal housing arose at the end of the 18th century. Historians claim that at that time it was more profitable to rent out living space to several families at once.

Therefore, one large apartment turned into several rental areas: these could be separate rooms or premises, divided by all kinds of partitions and curtains into so-called “corners”. This type of rental housing lasted for quite a long time.

It is known that at the beginning of the 20th century, while living in St. Petersburg, the artist Marc Chagall was forced to rent just such an area:

However, communal housing became most widespread after the revolution as a result of forced “densification”. Then, according to the decree of V.I. Lenin, the Soviet government forcibly moved workers and those in need into spacious apartments of wealthy citizens.

In 1917, such apartments included those in which the number of rooms equaled or exceeded the number of residents. At one point, up to ten or more families began to live in sparsely populated areas instead of just one. Moreover, able-bodied teenagers and pensioners from wealthy sections of society could be forced to perform compulsory community service.

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So, according to the leader’s decree of 1917, they had to monitor the correct distribution of food for the entire population of the apartment.

From this moment on, a communal apartment becomes an extremely popular type of housing. One, albeit very spacious, living space could accommodate dozens of people. Having your own separate room has become almost unaffordable. Families huddled in corners shared one public space - a common kitchen, bathroom and toilet.

Interestingly, the norm of square meters per person was constantly decreasing. If in 1919 it was believed that 9 square meters was enough for a person, then by 1927 this standard had dropped to 5.7 square meters.

Moreover, if an individual’s room turned out to be larger, he was obliged to declare this and find a roommate within two weeks.

Attention!

If a citizen did not meet the deadline, then a completely stranger could be assigned to him.

Historians note that the Soviet government quickly realized the benefits of communal apartments - each of the residents was visible. It was at this time that a huge number of denunciations were “neighborly”.

Sometimes citizens actually turned in dissidents, and sometimes they simply used the form of denunciation as a convenient way to get rid of unwanted residents. In particular, you can read about such cases in the book by S.

Alexievich “Second hand time”.

Source: https://monocler.ru/kommunalnaya-kvartira/

How to rent out a room in a communal apartment if the residents are against it?

The most comfortable, but the price for accommodation here will be the same as in an inexpensive hotel. The room accommodates 2-4 people, there is a separate bathroom, shower, refrigerator, TV. There can be either one kitchen per floor or in each room.

Why are these dormitories? In Soviet times, apartments here were given to families of young workers and visiting specialists. Today, in apartment-type dormitories, permanent residents live in their privatized property. You can rent housing here only from its owner.

Meanwhile, judicial practice in a number of cases is developing in a different direction (recognition of ownership rights only to a room in a dormitory), which is fraught with negative consequences in the future. Let us give just one example from similar judicial practice.

The owners of rooms in a communal apartment own by right of common shared ownership the premises in this apartment used to service more than one room (hereinafter referred to as the common property in the communal apartment).

There are several types of dormitories, as well as types of layouts in them, which greatly affects the standard of living in these premises.

Apartment-type dormitories, “small-family” and other types: characteristics

The further we move away from Soviet times, the fewer among us there are those who know from their life experience what a hostel is.

Nevertheless, this type of inexpensive and more or less comfortable housing is popular among many visitors today, especially in large cities, where rental prices are very, very decent.

However, the hostel is different from the hostel. In this article we will introduce you to their main types, revealing the features of each.

What is a hostel?

A dormitory (the popular slang name is “dorm”) is a place of temporary residence:

students;
seasonal workers;
employees of organizations with families;
individuals.

In both apartment-type and other types of dormitories, according to the standards, one resident has 6 (previously 4.5) m² of personal space. This allows sometimes strangers to live together in the same room. Which is why we can assume that the level of comfort here is quite low.

All issues related to residence, provision, and maintenance of hostels (apartment type , among others) in our country are resolved by the Housing Code.

Dormitories (in Russia they were then called bursas) appeared in the Middle Ages. They were intended to house poor students at universities, seminaries and religious schools.

Types of hostels

The main gradation of these places of residence depends on the method of planning the living space. They share:

for apartment-type dormitories;
bellhops;
block;
hotel type.

Depending on the population living in the hostel, it can be:

for pupils and students;
for workers.

There is also a division by owner:

State, municipal, universities and enterprises. Only persons who are students or employees of a certain organization have the right to live here.
Commercial - their owner is an individual entrepreneur, LLC, etc. Anyone can rent a bed here.

And the last gradation:

"bachelor" dormitories - women's and men's;
family dormitories.

Let's look at the most popular of them in more detail.

Corridor type dormitories

The cheapest and most accessible layout. As a standard, this is a long corridor, on both sides of which there are minimally equipped rooms, where from one to several people live. Each floor has a kitchen and a bathroom.

Block type dormitories

Sometimes these dormitories are called sectional - here 2-4 rooms are combined into a separate block. Each section has its own bathroom. In most cases, there is one kitchen per floor, but there are also options where it is located in a block.

Hotel type dormitories

Apartment-type dormitories

“Small families” are a special kind of hostel. They are ordinary-looking houses with isolated apartments, each of which has everything you need - a kitchen, a toilet, a bathroom. Their disadvantage is their small living space.

Family dorms

The allocation of housing here was a tradition during Soviet times. Thus, for any merits, an individual family received an order from the trade union to move into a separate room in a family dormitory. Sometimes this was a reward for long experience, and sometimes it was a consequence of a long wait for their turn.

The provided room was eventually officially assigned to the family. However, they did not have the right to privatize it in post-Soviet times. This is why there were often high-profile sales of dormitory buildings to new owners, despite the presence of generally legally resident residents.

Living conditions in such places are distinguished only by the presence of your own room. The restroom, showers and kitchen are also shared here.

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Workers' dormitories

They can be arranged according to the layout of an apartment-type dormitory, as well as less comfortable varieties. They belong either to a specific organization or to an intermediary working with that employer.

They have one goal - to accommodate seasonal workers (the so-called guest workers), and less often - permanent workers. The latter is more typical for budgetary organizations.

An important condition is that the resident receives temporary registration at the hostel address.

Since Russian legislation does not clearly define the conditions for hostels, they can resemble both a rooming house and a good two-star economy class hotel. Mostly from 4 to 20 people live in a room.

Facilities are in the sanitary block on the floor. The furnishings of the rooms are spartan - single or bunk beds, durable bed linen, a table, several chairs, bedside tables, a shared wardrobe.

The advantage of such a hostel is that cleaning is carried out not by residents, but by special staff.

That's all we wanted to tell you about the different hostels in Russia. The most comfortable of them are apartment ones. But today they have lost their status as hostels and have become privatized property.

Source: https://fb.ru/article/340091/obschejitiya-kvartirnogo-tipa-malosemeyki-i-drugie-vidyi-harakteristika

The dormitory is an apartment building

Before moving on to the existing classifications of dormitories, it is necessary to clarify what constitutes such a residential premises.

Until we, with the help of engineers (you seem to be an engineer?) build good apartments for everyone, you will definitely have to make room. Your phone will serve 10 families. This will save 100 hours of work, running around the shops, etc. Then in your family there are two unemployed part-time workers who can do light work: a 55-year-old citizen and a 14-year-old citizen.

Soviet power collapsed, but the communal apartments remained. Today, the absolute capital for communal apartments is St. Petersburg. According to official statistics alone, more than half a million people now live in such premises.

In this practice, entire floors of corridor-type dormitories are converted into communal apartments of 20–60 rooms, and for the residents of each of them the share of the right to common areas (entrance corridor, elevator halls, kitchens, bathrooms) is calculated, citizens said.

Transferring a dormitory to the status of an apartment building

Despite the government's development of federal programs aimed at providing Russians with housing, the housing issue remains one of the most pressing. According to statistics, more than two million Russians still live in dormitories. Many citizens, who have been living in less than comfortable conditions for 20-30 years, are interested in how they can convert a hostel to the status of an apartment building and whether there will be improvements from such changes.

The legal status of hostels is regulated by the norms of Section IV of the RF Housing Code. In accordance with its provisions, the procedure for transforming hostels owned by the state is established by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. If the hostel is municipal property, the corresponding right is granted to the municipal authorities.

As the law says, such premises are intended for temporary residence. They can be purpose-built or installed in residential buildings. The owner (that is, the state or municipal authorities) must provide residents with the necessary furniture and other items necessary for living.

The decision to change the status of the hostel is also authorized only by the owner. In this case, the premises transferred to another category must:

Be intended for human habitation throughout the year.
Have the required area.
Comply with sanitary and hygienic standards.
Have a bathroom, kitchen and other places designed to meet the needs of residents.
Each residential premises must have a separate entrance from the corridor or landing.

It is also necessary that the premises that are transferred to another status be free of encumbrances. If necessary, the building must be redeveloped: without this, transfer is not allowed

To carry out the transfer procedure, citizens must submit an application to the balance holder of the hostel. As a rule, a month is allotted for its consideration. Based on the results of the appeal, a special commission is assembled, to which a fairly voluminous package of documents is provided:

Residents' application.
List of citizens who live in the hostel. They are accompanied by documents confirming the right of people to move in.
Technical passport of the premises.
Conclusion issued by the local Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision center.
Redevelopment or renovation project.
Conclusion of the fire inspection authorities.
Conclusion issued by the architectural and planning department.

The chairman of the commission may request additional documents.

After this, a survey of the premises is carried out and a decision is made on whether it is possible to grant the dormitory the status of a residential building. The results of the inspection are recorded in the appropriate act.

If a change in status is possible, the head of the city administration signs the transfer order. The costs of the procedure are usually paid by the balance holder. In case of refusal, which must be motivated, it can be appealed to a higher authority.

When the transfer is made, instead of the warrants issued to residents previously, they will be given warrants for living space in a communal apartment. After this, tenants are given the right to privatize housing in accordance with current legislation.

According to the law, not every dormitory can be assigned the status of a residential building. For example, such translation is not subject to:

Premises located in social service institutions. These include houses intended for the residence of veterans, disabled people, and elderly citizens.
Residential premises in children's boarding schools, family-type orphanages and other institutions for children left without parental supervision.
Office premises located in fire stations and other buildings belonging to emergency departments.
Special premises located in public and administrative buildings of state security agencies.

They will not be allowed to change the status of those premises that are intended for temporary residence of foreigners and stateless persons.

Expert opinion

Stanislav Ershov

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If you believe the reviews of people living in different regions of Russia, there are no significant changes as a result of the change in the status of hostels. The technical condition of houses in most cases does not change. In addition, utility bills may increase. Additionally, residents who received warrants will have to pay fees for major repairs. In addition, the procedure for transferring such residential premises into ownership has not been fully regulated. A definite disadvantage is the need to obtain the consent of neighbors if you want to sell the privatized living space

There are other problems too. It is no secret that many Russian hostels are in a deplorable state. But there is not enough money for major repairs in the regions. Residents of newly created residential buildings are just beginning to pay fees for such work, and they have to wait a long time until it is their turn.

True, in some areas the authorities decide to renovate former dormitories first. But this causes dissatisfaction among residents of other high-rise buildings: it turns out that the owners contributed money for many years, but it was pushed back again.

In addition, with the funds allocated for major repairs, a very limited amount of work can be performed. As a result, a situation arises where the problems of hostels are not resolved, and the rights of other citizens are infringed.

Thus, transferring hostels to the status of apartment buildings is not the most effective way to solve housing problems. People have much greater hopes for the construction of housing with state support, for which substantial funds are allocated annually. But if they wish, residents can try to achieve changes by contacting the local administration.

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Is it possible to rent out rooms in a communal apartment?

As an illustration, the authors of the appeal cite, in particular, the story of N.V. Ermakova, living at st. Rechnikov, 28, bldg. 1, floor 2, apt. 10.

Many residents of other cities agreed to work in hard or dirty jobs for the sake of a Moscow apartment (including in housing and communal services, by the way). In 2009, a law was developed according to which by January 1, 2010, enterprises that own hostels must transfer their housing stock to municipal ownership.

Payment for lighting in the kitchen, corridor, entrance, for garbage removal, for cleaning the yard and repairs is distributed equally among all people living in an apartment building.

Visitors, of course. Native Muscovites are unlikely to go to live in a hostel. For example, many military families live in dormitories. Of course, not everyone living in dormitories lives under a social tenancy agreement. There are those who rent at commercial prices. But there is no talk about them here. And of course there is a lot of cheating with the hostels.

Who sets the size?

The amount of payment must be established in accordance with Part 3 of Article 39 of the Education Law. In this case, ideally, the opinions of students should be taken into account.

When determining the amount of the fee, the quality and amenities of the housing, its layout and location must be taken into account.

Emelyanenko Natalya Leonidovna

Worked as a legal assistant in a law firm for 6 years

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The amount of the fee should not be higher than 5% of the standard determined by the Government of the Russian Federation for students and students receiving education on a budgetary basis. Simply put, it cannot exceed 5% of the scholarship amount.

The dormitory fee for students studying on a paid basis is not tied to the amount of the scholarship. It can be charged in an amount that fully covers all living costs for the student.

Students from the preferential categories receive a place in the dormitory for free.

☝️ New rules for regulating hostel fees

Meanwhile, the amount of payment for residential premises is often unreasonably high and goes beyond all reasonable limits.

In connection with numerous complaints and complaints about this, the Ministry of Education on August 4, 2021 adopted Order No. 389 “On the maximum amount of fees for the use of residential premises (rental fees) in a dormitory for students.”

Thus, the amount of hostel fees was limited.

For apartment-type premises, it cannot be higher than the rental tariff established in the region under a social tenancy agreement. For sectional and hotel type dormitories, the fee is reduced by 25%, and for corridor type dormitories - by 50%.

You can calculate it yourself; just multiply the regional tariff for social rent by the appropriate coefficient:

for corridor type - 0.5;
for hotel and sectional types - 0.75;
for apartment type - 1.0.

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