A new site is, as a rule, not a neat lawn, in the corner of which there are outlets for communication pipes, and at the entrance there is a pole of power lines that you can connect to. In practice, immediately after the entrance to the site there may be an impassable swamp, and the boundaries of your territory are lost somewhere in the thickets of weeds. Where to start learning? At the initial stage, our attention should be focused on the issues of three “geo-”: geodesy, geology and hydrogeology.
We remove garbage
It is advisable to begin its improvement by cutting the grass, cleaning and leveling the territory.
True, experienced experts recommend initially finding out whether the land is yours or whether it belongs to someone else. For this purpose, in fact, documents such as:
- cadastral passport;
- certificate that establishes the right to own hundreds of acres (this can be a certificate of state registration, right of inheritance or other permitting papers);
- identification card .
Options for purchasing land
There are two ways to acquire ownership of a plot for further development:
- purchase from a state or municipal structure, local administration through participation in auctions in accordance with the rules established for this procedure;
- The purchase of land from a property owner (individual or company) through a sales agreement.
The choice of plots is quite large; a lot of offers can be found on the websites of aggregators of real estate for sale. When comparing proposals, it is necessary to take into account transport accessibility, location, soil quality, availability of infrastructure and other factors.
Selection of land
When purchasing land for the construction of a cottage for permanent residence, you first need to make sure that all necessary communications can be carried out in the near future. If water pipes are only planned to be installed in the area in the coming years, it is better not to even consider such a property.
Next, you need to make sure that building a house for permanent residence is legally possible. To do this you need to check:
- whether a mandatory survey of the site was carried out to establish the boundaries of the territory;
- whether this site according to documents (cadastral passport/extract from the Unified State Register) belongs to the lands of the settlement;
- Is this type of use permitted for this plot, such as individual housing construction (if necessary, to register in the house) or country house construction.
Particular attention should be paid to the financial issue, the cost of the site. Before considering a particular plot for purchase, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the prices in the area of a given locality. If the cost of a plot is much higher than neighboring ones, you can try to reduce the price a little. If the price is too low, it is recommended to ask why the owner is selling the plot; there may be pitfalls. It is worth considering that a plot of land for individual housing construction usually costs more than a plot of land for a gardening partnership.
We advise you to read: What is site surveying and how to carry it out
Checking the land allotment for legal purity
When purchasing any real estate, it is important to check the transaction for purity, make sure that the seller is the sole owner and that third parties will not be able to lay claim to the property after the sale. A plot of land, given its high cost, especially when it comes to land for individual housing construction, is no exception. Such a property may also be subject to fraudulent activities by the seller.
In order not to lose money and not be left without real estate, it is important to carefully check the documents for the property. The main document confirming the right to property is an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate. Any interested person can obtain an extract from Rosreestr. The certificate will provide information not only about the owners of the property, but also about encumbrances, if any (collateral, seizure for debts, etc.).
It is recommended to compare the information provided by the seller and the information from the statement. In addition, it is important to obtain written permission from the owner’s spouse; if you buy a dacha without this document, you risk being left without part of the property. If the seller has provided false information regarding the area, boundaries, or method of purchasing the property, you should refuse the transaction.
Registration of allotment for individual housing construction
When completing a transaction to purchase a plot, you must:
- prepare all the necessary documents, if the owner does not have a cadastral passport and the plot was purchased before 2021, it is necessary to carry out land surveying and draw up a document; if the plot was purchased after 2021, there must be an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate, if it is not available on the parcels, you must request an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate from us on the website;
- make sure that the site is suitable for individual housing construction and belongs to the settlement lands;
- if the owner of the site has not carried out land surveying, it is necessary to call a cadastral engineer and obtain a document confirming the measurement of the site indicating the coordinates;
- prepare a purchase and sale agreement, which indicates the conditions for the transfer of money, the timing of the transfer of the site, details of the parties, etc.;
- register ownership of the plot in Rosreestr (this can be done through the MFC office), providing an agreement, a passport for the plot and an extract, and receive a document confirming property rights.
Documents for purchasing a plot of land from the state
When purchasing state land, you will need to prepare the following documents:
- preliminary agreement on the purchase of land or long-term lease;
- cadastral passport;
- application for participation in the auction.
Tax deduction when purchasing a plot of land
Those who purchase land for individual housing construction have the opportunity to receive a tax deduction provided they are officially employed and have a permanent income with contributions to the state treasury. Only those sites that are legally intended for the construction of an individual residential building, which will subsequently be registered with Rosreestr, are suitable for this program.
To receive tax deductions, you need to erect a building, invite a cadastral engineer to take measurements and register the house. In some cases, a tax deduction can be obtained for an unfinished house if construction work has been suspended. Each case is reviewed by a tax inspector, and a decision is made based on the documents provided.
Planning and creating a house design project
So, the place has been cleared, the necessary documentation has been received - now you can begin to develop the design of the local area and the design of the cottage itself.
First, decide what plants you will grow. To plant vegetables and fruits you will need a lot of land. The building and other structures should not shade the beds. If you are just relaxing at the dacha, you can plant several fruit trees (apple tree, cherry tree, plum tree - the choice depends on the climate of the region in which you bought the land).
Getting to know the territory and neighbors
After completing all the paperwork, start exploring the area. If you don’t know your neighbors in your dacha yet, now is the time to do it. Gasification, electrification, availability of the Internet - all this, as a rule, is studied at the stage of purchasing a site. You may also be interested in:
- development of local infrastructure;
- garbage collection schedule;
- quality of water supply;
- features of local soil, etc.
By the way. Neighbors will tell you where to go for technical support, what to do if there is no water on your property, and much more. Information will save your time.
A geodetic survey of the site will be useful. Invite a specialist who will draw up a detailed relief plan, determine the groundwater level and soil type. However, some owners cope with this on their own. There are traditional ways to determine the type of soil and its acidity. The information will be especially useful when you are planning to plant a vegetable garden.
Advice. Deposits of stones, a stream or even a mini-swamp can be perfectly used in landscape design.
Nuances of developing previously developed areas
If you become the owner of a plot on which there are already any buildings, you can consider yourself lucky! True, one must begin owning such land with a thorough inventory. It is necessary to inspect all buildings and green spaces, evaluate the quality of structures, and then begin to develop a project for the reconstruction of the territory.
It happens that the plans of the owners of the site do not include plans to build a residential cottage. In such cases, they prefer to grow crops and fruit trees on the land.
However, planning an area for growing vegetables and fruits must be approached no less responsibly. If a person decides to take up farming, he will in any case need a shed for equipment and, just in case, a small house.
Securing ownership
Having received ownership of land, many new owners immediately begin to build either a house with a fence or grandiose plans. Meanwhile, all this can and even needs to be postponed. First of all, take care of the documentation. The agreement that you purchased the land is an important document. But not the only one.
At the initial stage, it is recommended to carry out land surveying. This is necessary even if your neighbors are the nicest people and you have good relationships. Sometimes a dispute arises over 10-20 cm at the border of the site. In the future, no one will be able to claim your legal territory if you take care of the necessary documentation in a timely manner.
Attention! It is especially important to immediately indicate the area and boundaries of the land plot if you are developing virgin land.
After registration and receipt of all the papers, “stake out” your property. If there is no fence, install temporary fencing along the contour of the site. For example, drive in pegs, pull a chain-link mesh. Follow the survey line specified in the documents.
How to check the legal cleanliness of a site
Before purchasing a plot of land for the construction of suburban real estate, you also need to check its legal purity: the presence of liens, arrests, land surveying, the number of owners and their data. If you choose a site without the help of realtors, we recommend that you do the inspection yourself.
- Cadastral map . To use it, you will need the exact address of the site or its cadastral number. If a site is not on the map, it is not demarcated , that is, its boundaries are not defined. This may in the future result in disputes with neighbors and the administration, and the costs will have to be borne at your own expense. In addition, on the map you will find out the cadastral value, exact area, type of permitted use and information about neighboring areas.
- Master plan of the municipality . Find it on the official website of the municipality or district administration. From the plan you can learn about upcoming road construction, the placement of security zones, protected areas, etc.
- Report based on an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate . Using the report, you can verify the identity of the current owner and verify it with the seller . You will also see the date of registration and termination of rights and will be able to estimate how often the plot changes hands. The most important thing is to have information about the pledge, arrest, and ban on re-registration. Next, ask the seller for documents that are the basis for the transfer of the plot to his ownership. This could be a purchase and sale agreement, a certificate of inheritance, a court order, etc. A garden book is not such a document, so if you only have this document, it is better to refuse the purchase.
Individual housing construction (IHC)
These are the most popular and expensive lands; it is on them that the construction of residential buildings within three floors or 20 meters in height is allowed. Plots for individual housing construction are always located within the boundaries of cities, towns, villages and other populated areas. They are bought to build a house for living all year round - with a foundation, load-bearing walls, a fence, water, gas, etc.
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