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Differences in the methodology for calculating and the cost of common building needs are determined by whether the apartment building is equipped with a collective utility metering device or whether the residential/non-residential premises of the building are equipped with individual or common meters.
Calculation according to standards
Previously, resource providers could suspend or completely stop providing services to the consumer. However, based on changes in legislation, the Supreme Court clarified the issue of the legality of such actions. Resolution of the Supreme Court dated June 27, 2021 N 22 contains a clear explanation that depriving defaulters of light, heat and water are measures disproportionate to non-payment.
The implementation of these works involves a large consumption of water, and service providers have the right to enter it into general house accounts and distribute it among the owners, according to the square meters of the occupied area. It is assumed that the payment for general house needs for hot and cold water will correspond to the actual supplies carried out by service organizations.
In any case, household services use a resource such as electricity. They used to include it in the one-room supply system earlier than water. For the first time, such an item could be found in receipts for 2021. Previously, residents also paid for electricity consumption in common areas.
What is written in the ODN column
Resolution 354 requires the housing resource provider to provide the consumer with payment documents, which must contain data reflecting all expenses. The payer must see what he is paying for to the supplier who supplies the house with water, electricity and other resources. Utility bills when paying for general house needs must contain:
Because of this, for residents of some buildings with motion sensors, modern elevators and insulated entrances, the cost of maintaining common property has increased since January 1. For example, last year the management company calculated general house needs according to its scheme, took into account energy-saving measures and actual consumption. And starting this year, I began to calculate general house needs according to the standard - as written in the law. Due to misinterpretation of the law, tenants are forced to pay more.
For example, you can use LED bulbs and motion sensors in entrances to save energy. If you install a closer on the front door, it will not be open in winter - heat loss will be reduced. The house must have a common house meter in order to pay for actual consumption, and not according to standards. Your management company should be responsible for all this.
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How do I know that I am not overpaying for the maintenance of common property?
Until January 1, 2021, general household needs were indicated on receipts as a separate line. Management companies calculated these payments differently, and no one regulated the standards. In one house, residents paid 200 rubles for light in the entrance, and in another - 1000 rubles.
Start-up and adjustment measures are carried out only after the following data has been clarified:
- compliance with the serial number of the device specified in the passport;
- identity of the meter and technical documentation, configuration, installation diagram;
- meter functionality.
Federal legal acts limit the billing period for utility products to one month, but the amount of the contribution is set by the service provider, taking into account territorial conditions and some surcharges.
Rights and obligations
Decree number 354, as recently amended in 2021, on public services regulates the resolution of conflict situations. Many controversial positions arise due to incorrect calculation of payment for utility services, or the latter are not on time or do not perform functions in the departmental economy.
In a situation where more people than registered actually live in an apartment and consume water, the problem of “rubber apartments” arises. If there are a lot of them, general house meters may show consumption 1.5-2 times greater than provided by the standard.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 on the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities, which regulates the calculation of one-time tax for water in 2021, preserves the principle according to which consumers pay for consumed resources according to the readings of collective metering devices.
Formula components
The total needs in the presence of a meter are the difference between the value shown by the common house meter and the total sum of the values of individual meters, together with the costs according to the standards in premises not equipped with meters. The resulting result is distributed in proportion to the occupied area among all owners. Accordingly, regardless of the number of people living in a multi-room apartment, the cost of one-room apartment will be greater than for a one-room apartment.
For many city residents, utility tariffs are quite high, so they carefully monitor their expenses so as not to overpay. Often they have a question about why the item “general household needs” (CHN) is included in the receipt. What kind of expense is this?
Calculation and payment of general house needs occurs in two ways. If multi-storey residential buildings have collective metering equipment - meters for hot/cold water, electricity and heat, then calculating the general needs of the building and distributing it among consumers is quite simple.
General house needs and heirs of Ostap Bender
Calculating ODN begins with finding out whether the apartment building has a meter. If there is, then the difference between the indicators of the device and the residents’ counters is calculated. They are then distributed proportionally among homeowners. This proportion is determined using the area of the apartments.
If the MKD is equipped with an ODPU and previously the fee was calculated according to its readings, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation considers it possible to charge a fee in an amount lower than the established standard, based on the actual consumption of utilities at the ODPU.
How is the ODN standard for electricity calculated and what is its size in 2021?
Experts say that, according to decree number 354, the amount of payment for electricity in 2021 largely depends on whether a meter is installed on the house, which will significantly save money for residents. If it is not there, Energonadzor calculates the energy consumption of a high-rise building according to the standard established back in 2012.
Over the past month, the Energonadzor hotline has received many calls from indignant residents living in an apartment building - as a result, in January, payments for ODN in relation to electricity consumption increased by 4, or even 6 times. The differences in payment are significant, in one region there is more, in another less, and this is understandable - the standards are set by the regional administration of each individual subject of the Russian Federation.
Explanations from the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation
From January 1, ODN became a housing service. If previously the payment was made according to meter readings, now management organizations must use the consumption standard of the CP for one single unit. You cannot overstate the payment in receipts. The excess standard is paid by management organizations, unless another decision is made at the OSS.
ONE by counters
The main idea of the letter from the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation is that the transition from calculating payments according to the standard to actual consumption is possible if ODPU are established . Moreover, the standards established in the regions do not prohibit management organizations from making calculations based on meter readings.
N 1190 “On the Rules for determining the amount of payment for utility services paid by tenants of residential premises in dormitories included in the housing stock of organizations carrying out educational activities, under rental agreements for residential premises in the dormitory.”
Calculation of payment for ODN according to Government Resolution 354 of 2021
The management organization is obliged to pay all accrued fines to consumers. The management company can avoid administrative punishment if the violation that was discovered is eliminated before the application is made to the regulatory authorities. The effectiveness of the innovation according to the ODN standards also lies in the fact that it will not be possible to enter into direct contracts with organizations that supply resources. Moreover, each management organization undertakes to pay a penalty for late payment of received resources.
The standard is considered to be a limited amount, however, when consumers do not fit into this value for one reason or another, they have the right to independently decide at a meeting what amount of payment they should make. However, in practice, not a single such case has been recorded yet.
Where to go for recalculation?
Statement of claim for the provision of utility services for hot water supply of inadequate quality and a reduction in fees for hot water. You can learn how management companies make money by supplying hot water at insufficiently high temperatures from the video: Did you like the article? Follow site updates on VKontakte or Twitter.
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Government Decree No. 354
When checking the condition of the metering devices, it may turn out that the metering device is in good condition, for example, the seals on it are not damaged, but its readings differ from those that the consumer submitted to calculate the cost of the utility service for the billing period preceding the inspection. After recalculation, it may turn out that the consumer did not pay for the service in full or, conversely, overpaid for it. In the first case, he may receive a requirement to pay an additional fee, and in the second - a notification of an overcharged fee.
We will talk about the most interesting issues for consumers of utility services that are resolved by the “Rules for the provision of housing and communal services”. Naturally, they are associated with the formation of the cost of utility services and the ability to recalculate in the event that these services were not provided or were of poor quality.
In 2021, it is planned to increase the cost of one-way tax by at least 3-7%. The total amount that residents must pay depends on the area of the apartment. Late payment may well result in penalties and seizure of bank accounts. The components of the ODN will not change in 2021. An increase in tariffs is possible, but it must be fully justified by the management of management companies. According to the government, by removing ODN from the list of services provided and including its cost in total costs, citizens will no longer be confused in calculating utility bills. All restrictions implemented and planned for introduction are carried out on the basis of Resolution 1148. General household needs will disappear only from the receipt, and their cost will be included in the total amount. Homeowners and tenants will still have to pay them.
By the way, there are a lot of such optional or rather deferred obligations in the Russian housing complex! Management companies stubbornly do not want to carry out all the procedures for installing general meters (not to be confused with the installation of meters, organizational measures are also required). In the next step, it will naturally be necessary for the owners to keep control over the verification of the TT, as well as everything else when applying PP-354.
From January 1, 2021, the procedure for paying for general household needs will change.
The law states this simply and, at first glance, understandably: the costs of maintaining the property that, as it were, belongs to the residents of a particular house. So, if this is one water supply, then this is washing entrances and staircases; if this is one for heat, then this is heating of entrances; if this is one for electricity, then these are light bulbs in the entrances; and so on.
The concept of general house needs is defined in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2021 No. 354 “On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings.” These are costs associated with resources that were used outside of residential premises. This applies to common areas - elevators, entrances, stairwells, dryers. In the process of their maintenance, not only the restoration of cleanliness and order occurs. A certain amount of resources is spent on these places. This is the general needs of the house. Costs are calculated quite simply. The basis is the total volume consumed for the reporting period, based on the readings of individual metering devices. It excludes resources used by residents of the premises. The difference will be the desired figure.
The concept of general house needs
To do this, data on expenses for a certain period is collected and analyzed. For example, if standards are adopted for the next year, data for the previous year is taken into account. After all the necessary information has been analyzed, new indicators are calculated. In this case, prices for resources, density of residents, climatic conditions, and the presence of categories of payers who enjoy benefits should be taken into account.
Consumption standards
Ensuring proper temperature conditions not only in living quarters, but also in common areas has a beneficial effect on the overall quality of life. For this reason, the energy consumed must be paid along with other utilities. One way or another, the costs of transporting heat to apartments are associated with some transmission losses. And since communications run, including inside the building, part of the energy will heat it, that is, go to general house needs.
- The increase in tariffs for one-way traffic services will be strictly regulated.
- There is no longer a separate line for home needs on invoices.
- The amount of expenses for general house needs will be reflected in the general account.
- As a result, utilities will increase by an average of 3%.
- When calculating the ODN for each apartment, its area will matter.
- Citizens must pay their utility bills on time, including ODN.
- The reform will lead to a more understandable scheme for calculating utility bills.
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Calculation of ODN for electricity
It turns out I’m not the only one outraged by the fact that the payment for email. For some reason the energy is calculated from my living space. And from the area of non-residential premises and public places, isn’t it too much for the energy sector and the management company and where will our money go? I would also like to know why the price for electricity in apartments is the same, but for one it is almost several times higher. Tell .
I received a bill for one month for electricity for ONE = 985 (Nine hundred eighty-five) rubles. And over the past year, every month this is approximately the amount. I live alone in a communal apartment. My living area is 23 meters. My total share of area in the apartment is 39.74 meters. The area of the common property of the house is 1348.60 meters. The house has elevators and electric stoves in the kitchens. I believe that the electricity bill at OND is inflated. I want to do the calculation myself, based on the standards. Give me, please give me a clear and specific calculation formula for my case. Popular so I don't get confused. Thank you very much!
What does the maintenance of the common property of the house include?
The volume of general household needs is affected by the presence or absence of metering devices both in the apartment itself and in the common staircase, office premises, etc. If these devices are available, then the volume will be equal to the difference between the metering device indicator in the common area and individual values.
Components of general household needs
- HVS. Maintenance of flower beds and lawns, maintaining cleanliness in entrances and office premises, cleaning sewers and other household needs.
- DHW. Activities related to the preparation of residential buildings for the heating season, that is, checking heating systems by releasing hot water, repairing radiators.
The maintenance of common property is still the responsibility of the owners of premises in apartment buildings. In payment documents it is included in housing services and includes a list of activities established in the relevant legislative acts. ODN is subject to timely payment in full. Otherwise, penalties will be applied to defaulters.
Although the line “ONE” disappeared from utility bills and now refers to housing services, this did not affect either the size of the amounts or the need to pay them. If there are any doubts that the amount entered in the receipt corresponds to reality, you need to check the legality of the accrual of ODT.
How do meter calculations work?
Calculation No. 3 The amount of payment for heating in residential/non-residential premises an ODPU is installed in an apartment building , there are no individual meters in all residential/non-residential premises . Read about the procedure and example of calculation →
After the total volume of one unit becomes known, this quantity is divided by the entire living space in the house to determine the volume of one unit per 1 m² of living space, and then multiplied by the area of the owner’s apartment using the formula:
The water tax rate includes the consumption of resources consumed for the maintenance and servicing of the common areas of the house. Such territories include both the interior space (entrances of the house, utility rooms, attics and basements) and the external territory adjacent to the house (yard, parking lot, additional buildings).
“HVS ODN” - decoding
Typically, several days are allotted for collecting readings from residents, but today manual collection of readings is increasingly giving way to automated collection of readings, which makes the collection process as one-time as possible, which increases the accuracy of the balance for the house.
According to Razvorotneva, a single calculation formula is not a panacea. “The standard for the consumption of communal resources for general house needs was also calculated according to the same formula, but the difference by region was significant,” she noted.
Starting next year in Russia, it is planned to change the heating standard depending on the number of floors. Because of this, payments for owners of apartments located in low-rise buildings may increase significantly, said Boris Gladkikh, a member of the State Duma Committee on Energy. However, other experts believe that this will not affect payments for housing and communal services.
